{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:26:10Z","timestamp":1787757970436,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742860800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0 http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>JOURNAL\/nrgr\/04.03\/01300535-202606000-00062\/figure1\/v\/2026-04-16T195327Z\/r\/image-tiff<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The blood\u2013spinal cord barrier is crucial for preserving homeostasis of the central nervous system. After spinal cord injury, autophagic flux within endothelial cells is disrupted, compromising the integrity of the blood\u2013spinal cord barrier. This disruption facilitates extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells, resulting in exacerbated neuroinflammatory responses, neuronal death, and impaired neuronal regeneration. Previous research has demonstrated that photobiomodulation promotes the regeneration of damaged nerves following spinal cord injury by inhibiting the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the injured site and restoring neuronal mitochondrial function. However, the precise mechanisms by which photobiomodulation regulates neuroinflammation remain incompletely elucidated. In this study, we established a mouse model of spinal cord injury and assessed the effects of photobiomodulation treatment. Photobiomodulation effectively cleared damaged mitochondria from endothelial cells in mice, promoting recovery of hindlimb motor function. Using microvascular endothelial bEnd.3 cells subjected to oxygen\u2013glucose deprivation, we found that the effects of photobiomodulation were mediated through activation of the PINK1\/Parkin pathway. Additionally, photobiomodulation reduced mitochondrial oxidative stress levels and increased the expression of tight junction proteins within the blood\u2013spinal cord barrier. Our findings suggest that photobiomodulation activates mitochondrial autophagy in endothelial cells through the PINK1\/Parkin pathway, thereby promoting repair of the blood\u2013spinal cord barrier following spinal cord injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/nrr.nrr-d-24-01098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T05:00:34Z","timestamp":1770872434000},"page":"2475-2484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Photobiomodulation repairs the blood\u2013spinal cord barrier in a mouse model of spinal cord injury"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yangguang","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Shuoguang Qifu Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongsheng","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuowen","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Shuoguang Qifu Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueyu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7573-1583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhe","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6243-0004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tan","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.07.030","article-title":"Structure and function of the blood-brain barrier","volume":"37","author":"Abbott","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"R2-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.06.007","article-title":"Mitophagy in cardiovascular diseases: molecular mechanisms, pathogenesis, and treatment","volume":"28","author":"Ajoolabady","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"R3-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00282","article-title":"Traumatic spinal cord injury: an overview of pathophysiology, models and acute injury mechanisms","volume":"10","author":"Alizadeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"R4-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/75556","article-title":"Gene ontology: tool for the unification of biology. The Gene Ontology Consortium","volume":"25","author":"Ashburner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"R5-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2006.23.635","article-title":"Basso Mouse Scale for locomotion detects differences in recovery after spinal cord injury in five common mouse strains","volume":"23","author":"Basso","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"R6-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.318","article-title":"IVIg attenuates complement and improves spinal cord injury outcomes in mice","volume":"3","author":"Brennan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"R7-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-019-0088-4","article-title":"Transcriptome of dorsal root ganglia caudal to a spinal cord injury with modulated behavioral activity","volume":"6","author":"Chariker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Data"},{"key":"R8-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13538","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13538","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps aggravate intestinal epithelial necroptosis in ischaemia-reperfusion by regulating TLR4\/RIPK3\/FUNDC1-required mitophagy","volume":"57","author":"Chu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Prolif"},{"key":"R9-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-019-00713-8","article-title":"A longitudinal study of the neurologic safety of acute baclofen use after spinal cord injury","volume":"16","author":"Cragg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"R10-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2022.121835","article-title":"Effects of photobiomodulation on mitochondrial function in diabetic adipose-derived stem cells in vitro","volume":"285","author":"Fallahi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc"},{"key":"R11-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.74324","article-title":"Kruppel-like factor 2 contributes to blood-spinal cord barrier integrity and functional recovery from spinal cord injury by augmenting autophagic flux","volume":"13","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"R12-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201902047R","article-title":"The protective effort of GPCR kinase 2-interacting protein-1 in neurons via promoting Beclin1-Parkin induced mitophagy at the early stage of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"R13-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9081050","article-title":"Gait analysis using animal models of peripheral nerve and spinal cord injuries","volume":"9","author":"Isvoranu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"R14-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102615","article-title":"SIRT1 attenuates blood-spinal cord barrier disruption after spinal cord injury by deacetylating p66Shc","volume":"60","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"R15-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-023-00417-0","article-title":"Photobiomodulation promotes spinal cord injury repair by inhibiting macrophage polarization through lncRNA TUG1-miR-1192\/TLR3 axis","volume":"28","author":"Ju","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol Lett"},{"key":"R16-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-016-0249-0","article-title":"Electroacupuncture preconditioning reduces ROS generation with NOX4 down-regulation and ameliorates blood-brain barrier disruption after ischemic stroke","volume":"23","author":"Jung","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci"},{"key":"R17-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201402104","article-title":"PINK1 phosphorylates ubiquitin to activate Parkin E3 ubiquitin ligase activity","volume":"205","author":"Kane","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"R18-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.05.054","article-title":"Redox regulation of mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 by protein disulfide isomerase limits endothelial senescence","volume":"23","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"R19-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1093\/jmcb\/mjz002","article-title":"Morphine induces dysfunction of PINK1\/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in spinal cord neurons implying involvement in antinociceptive tolerance","volume":"11","author":"Kong","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"R20-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.2217\/rme.15.82","article-title":"Photobiomodulation in promoting wound healing: a review","volume":"11","author":"Kuffler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Regen Med"},{"key":"R21-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-018-0576-3","article-title":"Neutrophil elastase inhibition effectively rescued angiopoietin-1 decrease and inhibits glial scar after spinal cord injury","volume":"6","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"R22-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14798","article-title":"Tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1 as regulators of epithelial proliferation and survival","volume":"1514","author":"Kuo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"R23-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11101995","article-title":"The complex interplay between mitochondria, ROS and entire cellular metabolism","volume":"11","author":"Kuznetsov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"R24-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-019-0529-6","article-title":"Fibronectin inhibitor pUR4 attenuates tumor necrosis factor \u03b1-induced endothelial hyperpermeability by modulating \u03b21 integrin activation","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci"},{"key":"R25-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04644-0","article-title":"Role of peripheral immune cells in spinal cord injury","volume":"80","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"R26-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101817","article-title":"PINK1\/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"84","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"R27-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10875","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2022.2066608","article-title":"Increased homocysteine regulated by androgen activates autophagy by suppressing the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in the granulosa cells of polycystic ovary syndrome mice","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"R28-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-024-01199-x","article-title":"Mertk reduces blood-spinal cord barrier permeability through the Rhoa\/Rock1\/P-MLC pathway after spinal cord injury","volume":"40","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurosci Bull"},{"key":"R29-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024279","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1024279","article-title":"ACEA attenuates oxidative stress by promoting mitophagy via CB1R\/Nrf1\/PINK1 pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats","volume":"2022","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"R30-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.166890","article-title":"New insights into brain injury in chickens induced by bisphenol A and selenium deficiency-Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and mitophagy-apoptosis crosstalk homeostasis","volume":"905","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"R31-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"R32-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2021.12.019","article-title":"M1 macrophages impair tight junctions between endothelial cells after spinal cord injury","volume":"180","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"R33-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816952","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.816952","article-title":"Photobiomodulation attenuates neurotoxic polarization of macrophages by inhibiting the Notch1-HIF-1\u03b1\/NF-\u03baB signalling pathway in mice with spinal cord injury","volume":"13","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"R34-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337630","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1337630","article-title":"Maltol promotes mitophagy and inhibits oxidative stress via the Nrf2\/PINK1\/Parkin pathway after spinal cord injury","volume":"2022","author":"Mao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"R35-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5583512","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5583512","article-title":"Rosiglitazone ameliorates spinal cord injury via inhibiting mitophagy and inflammation of neural stem cells","volume":"2022","author":"Meng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"R36-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26882","DOI":"10.4161\/tisb.26882","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier regulation: environmental cues controlling the onset of barrier properties","volume":"1","author":"Mizee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tissue Barriers"},{"key":"R37-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1080\/09553002.2019.1524944","article-title":"Assessing the impact of low level laser therapy (LLLT) on biological systems: a review","volume":"95","author":"Mussttaf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Biol"},{"key":"R39-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2016.05.008","article-title":"Deciphering the molecular signals of PINK1\/Parkin mitophagy","volume":"26","author":"Nguyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"key":"R40-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-021-01082-7","article-title":"NIX mediates mitophagy in spinal cord injury in rats by interacting with LC3","volume":"42","author":"Nie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"R41-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.23568","article-title":"Lysosomal basification and decreased autophagic flux in oxidatively stressed trabecular meshwork cells: implications for glaucoma pathogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Porter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"R42-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-020-01062-w","article-title":"PINK1\/PARKIN signalling in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation","volume":"8","author":"Quinn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"R43-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089","article-title":"NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schneider","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"R44-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.249218","article-title":"Mitophagy links oxidative stress conditions and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"14","author":"Shefa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"R45-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6930","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23136930","article-title":"1,3\u2013Benzodioxole derivatives improve the anti-tumor efficiency of arsenicals","volume":"23","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R46-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105074","article-title":"The neuroprotective effects of estrogen and estrogenic compounds in spinal cord injury","volume":"146","author":"Shvetcov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"R47-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2006.23.1654","article-title":"The Louisville Swim Scale: a novel assessment of hindlimb function following spinal cord injury in adult rats","volume":"23","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"R48-20260416","first-page":"3069","article-title":"Photobiomodulation-induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"28","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu"},{"key":"R49-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9661","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21249661","article-title":"Mitophagy and the brain","volume":"21","author":"Swerdlow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R50-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23665","article-title":"Systemic vascular photobiomodulation accelerates the recovery of motor activity in rats following spinal cord injury","volume":"55","author":"Tobelem","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"R51-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2023.08.021","article-title":"Mitochondrial degradation: mitophagy and beyond","volume":"83","author":"Uoselis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"R52-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-012-1014-4","article-title":"Fingolimod attenuates ceramide-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction in multiple sclerosis by targeting reactive astrocytes","volume":"124","author":"van Doorn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"R53-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-024-05186-3","article-title":"Deubiquitinase UCHL1 promotes angiogenesis and blood-spinal cord barrier function recovery after spinal cord injury by stabilizing Sox17","volume":"81","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"R54-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11040704","article-title":"Dihydromyricetin enhances intestinal antioxidant capacity of growing-finishing pigs by activating ERK\/Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling pathway","volume":"11","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"R55-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.57825","article-title":"Betulinic acid inhibits pyroptosis in spinal cord injury by augmenting autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR-TFEB signaling pathway","volume":"17","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"R56-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13641","article-title":"EphB2 knockdown decreases the formation of astroglial-fibrotic scars to promote nerve regeneration after spinal cord injury in rats","volume":"27","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"R57-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18008","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c04423","article-title":"Targeted delivery of RGD-CD146(+)CD271(+) human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promotes blood-spinal cord barrier repair after spinal cord injury","volume":"17","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"R58-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386565","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1386565","article-title":"Teriparatide: an innovative and promising strategy for protecting the blood-spinal cord barrier following spinal cord injury","volume":"15","author":"Xiong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"R59-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2023.08.026","article-title":"Exosomes derived from schwann cells alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction and necroptosis after spinal cord injury via AMPK signaling pathway-mediated mitophagy","volume":"208","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"R60-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7589","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-024-03113-8","article-title":"Bergapten enhances mitophagy to regulate intestinal barrier and Th17\/Treg balance in mice with Crohn\u2019s disease-like colitis via PPAR\u03b3\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"397","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"key":"R61-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C135","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00136.2018","article-title":"Neuroinflammatory mechanisms of blood-brain barrier damage in ischemic stroke","volume":"316","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"R62-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4181","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.25707","article-title":"Flufenamic acid inhibits secondary hemorrhage and BSCB disruption after spinal cord injury","volume":"8","author":"Yao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"R63-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330678","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1330678","article-title":"ROS: Executioner of regulating cell death in spinal cord injury","volume":"15","author":"Yin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"R64-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-022-01060-y","article-title":"Identifying a novel KLF2\/lncRNA SNHG12\/miR-494-3p\/RAD23B axis in spare nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"key":"R65-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.249237","article-title":"Dynamic changes in intramedullary pressure 72 hours after spinal cord injury","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"R66-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3995","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14325","article-title":"Photobiomodulation reduces neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury by downregulating CXCL10 expression","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"R67-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-022-00562-y","article-title":"Regulation of axonal regeneration after mammalian spinal cord injury","volume":"24","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"R68-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.382257","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical features, treatment status, and economic burden of traumatic spinal cord injury in China: a hospital-based retrospective study","volume":"19","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"R69-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02787-w","article-title":"Pathological hemodynamic changes and leukocyte transmigration disrupt the blood-spinal cord barrier after spinal cord injury","volume":"20","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"R70-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.13229","article-title":"Retinoic acid induced-autophagic flux inhibits ER-stress dependent apoptosis and prevents disruption of blood-spinal cord barrier after spinal cord injury","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"R71-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2023.114536","article-title":"Esculentoside A ameliorates BSCB destruction in SCI rat by attenuating the TLR4 pathway in vascular endothelial cells","volume":"369","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"R72-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991421","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.991421","article-title":"Photobiomodulation promotes repair following spinal cord injury by restoring neuronal mitochondrial bioenergetics via AMPK\/PGC-1\u03b1\/TFAM pathway","volume":"13","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"R73-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2016.80","article-title":"Tight junctions: from simple barriers to multifunctional molecular gates","volume":"17","author":"Zihni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"R74-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00026.2013","article-title":"Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS-induced ROS release","volume":"94","author":"Zorov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"R75-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-020-03231-8","article-title":"Photobiomodulation and diffusing optical fiber on spinal cord\u2019s impact on nerve cells from normal spinal cord tissue in piglets","volume":"37","author":"Zuo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"}],"container-title":["Neural Regeneration Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-24-01098","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:00:48Z","timestamp":1787756448000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-24-01098"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/nrr.nrr-d-24-01098","relation":{},"ISSN":["1673-5374","1876-7958"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1673-5374","type":"print"},{"value":"1876-7958","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-18","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-08","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}