{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T07:31:09Z","timestamp":1794468669420,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781913600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0 http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chimeric antigen receptor-engineered cell therapies provide a novel therapeutic approach for refractory neuroimmune disorders. These cell products penetrate deep into tissue and achieve long-term depletion of pathogenic B cells and plasma cells, supporting sustained immune tolerance and durable clinical remission. Chimeric antigen receptor-T cells, chimeric antigen receptor-natural killer cells, chimeric autoantigen receptor T cells, and chimeric antigen receptor-regulatory T cells selectively target and eliminate pathological immune effectors, reduce autoantibody levels, and help maintain long-term remission in multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, and autoimmune encephalitis. This review summarizes the therapeutic advance of chimeric antigen receptor-based cell therapies for neuroimmune disorders. Growing clinical evidence indicates that CD19-directed and B-cell maturation antigen-directed chimeric antigen receptor-T cells provide rapid and persistent clinical improvement even in patients with multiple prior treatment failures, accompanied by depletion of the B-cell lineage and sustained reduction in autoantibody titers. Key mechanisms include enhanced access across the blood-brain barrier, targeted lysis of tissue-resident memory B cells and long-lived plasma cells, and subsequent immune repertoire reconstitution. Important challenges remain incompletely defined, including long-term safety, late relapse, high manufacturing expenses, and restricted availability of autologous cell products. Further advances will require optimized chimeric antigen receptor architectures, off-the-shelf allogeneic platforms, and validation in large controlled clinical trials. This review presents a structured framework for future progress and highlights chimeric antigen receptor based immunotherapy as a pivotal strategy that replaces long term immunosuppression with durable drug free remission, thus reshaping the standard treatment model and redefining therapeutic goals for patients with neuroimmune disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/nrr.nrr-d-26-00089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T19:00:05Z","timestamp":1781982005000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Chimeric antigen receptor\u2013based cell therapies for neuroimmune disorders: Therapeutic advances and structured standard treatment models"],"prefix":"10.4103","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System Tianjin & Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Che","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System Tianjin & Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6621-0591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System Tianjin & Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7546-8017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]]},"container-title":["Neural Regeneration Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-26-00089","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:55:19Z","timestamp":1787838919000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-26-00089"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/nrr.nrr-d-26-00089","relation":{},"ISSN":["1673-5374","1876-7958"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1673-5374","type":"print"},{"value":"1876-7958","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-25","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-08","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}