{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:27:17Z","timestamp":1787030837393,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/ http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Retinal regeneration is a complex, evolutionarily constrained process, resulting in the restoration of retinal structure and function upon injury. This capacity varies widely across species. In this review, we highlight current knowledge on the cellular and molecular basis of retinal regeneration and ask why regenerative capacity is maintained in some lineages but lost in others. We first situate regeneration within an evolutionary framework, contrasting regenerationcompetent with regeneration-deficient species. We then examine two principal cellular sources of retinal regeneration, which are the M\u00fcller glia and the retinal pigment epithelium, focusing on their physiological roles, injury responses and the gene-regulatory networks that govern regenerative potential. We review experimental approaches to induce retinal regeneration in mammals as a future treatment strategy for human retinal disease and discuss key obstacles. Finally, we outline future directions, emphasizing how integrating knowledge of intercellular signaling, immune modulation, and tissue plasticity can guide efforts to unlock regenerative pathways in the human retina.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/nrr.nrr-d-26-00239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:00:10Z","timestamp":1787029210000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Understanding retinal regeneration: Core mechanisms and biological insights"],"prefix":"10.4103","author":[{"given":"Rens","family":"Hoekstra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Lifelong VISION consortium, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivar","family":"Noordstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lifelong VISION consortium, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakurako","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lifelong VISION consortium, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeroen","family":"Bakkers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lifelong VISION consortium, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Division of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Roepman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lifelong VISION consortium, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5702-3460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erwin","family":"van Wijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Lifelong VISION consortium, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"container-title":["Neural Regeneration Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-26-00239","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:00:10Z","timestamp":1787029210000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-26-00239"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/nrr.nrr-d-26-00239","relation":{},"ISSN":["1673-5374","1876-7958"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1673-5374","type":"print"},{"value":"1876-7958","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-03","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-12","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}