{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:22:13Z","timestamp":1787775733104,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>AIM:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose is to study the corneal stress-strain index (SSI) in myopic refractive error among Indian subjects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective study where young myopic subjects aged between 11 and 35 years who had undergone corneal biomechanics assessment using Corvis ST between January 2017 and December 2021 were enrolled. Subjects with central corneal thickness (CCT) &lt;500 m, intraocular pressure (IOP) &gt;21 mmHg, history of any systemic and ocular disease or any previous ocular surgery, high astigmatism, corneal disease such as keratoconus were excluded. Subjects with missing data or having poor quality scan were excluded. Corneal biomechanical properties and corneal SSI were assessed using Corvis ST. For statistical purposes, eyes were divided into four different groups and were analyzed using one-way ANOVA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nine hundred and sixty-six myopic eyes with mean \u00b1 standard deviation age, IOP, and CCT of 26.89 \u00b1 4.92 years, 16.94 \u00b1 2.00 mmHg, and 540.18 \u00b1 25.23 microns, respectively, were included. There were 311, 388, 172, and 95 eyes that were low, moderate, severe, and extreme myopic. Deformation amplitude ratio at 1 mm and 2 mm were similar across different myopic groups. A significant increase in max inverse radius, ambrosia relational thickness, biomechanically corrected IOP, integrated radius was noted with an increase in myopic refractive error. Corvis biomechanical index, corneal SSI was found to be decreased significantly with an increase in myopic refractive error. We noted a significant positive association between myopic refractive error and SSI (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Corneal SSI was found to be reduced in extreme myopic eyes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ojo.ojo_122_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T02:01:08Z","timestamp":1708480868000},"page":"47-52","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Corneal stress-strain index in myopic Indian population"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Vaishal P.","family":"Kenia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Kenia Eye Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raj V.","family":"Kenia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kenia Foundation, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradnya","family":"Bendre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Kenia Eye Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Onkar H.","family":"Pirdankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenia Medical and Research Foundation, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006","article-title":"Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050","volume":"123","author":"Holden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R2-20240918","first-page":"711","article-title":"Comparison of corneal biomechanics in Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome and non-Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome dry eyes by Scheimpflug based device","volume":"10","author":"Long","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R3-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2004.10.044","article-title":"Determining in vivo biomechanical properties of the cornea with an ocular response analyzer","volume":"31","author":"Luce","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R4-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joco.2016.08.004","article-title":"Corneal biomechanics after small-incision lenticule extraction versus Q-value-guided femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis","volume":"28","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Curr Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R5-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.4103\/tjo.tjo_15_19","article-title":"Association between corneal biomechanical parameters and myopic refractive errors in young Indian individuals","volume":"10","author":"Kenia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Taiwan J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R6-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595330","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.595330","article-title":"Corneal biomechanical properties in varying severities of myopia","volume":"8","author":"Sedaghat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"R7-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3041","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80915-9","article-title":"Assessment of corneal biomechanics, tonometry and pachymetry with the corvis ST in myopia","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R8-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.116057","article-title":"Keratoconus:A biomechanical perspective on loss of corneal stiffness","volume":"61","author":"Sinha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R9-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2019.00066","article-title":"A review of structural and biomechanical changes in the cornea in aging, disease, and photochemical crosslinking","volume":"7","author":"Blackburn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"R10-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001633","article-title":"In vivo human corneal shear-wave optical coherence elastography","volume":"98","author":"Lan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R11-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medntd.2021.100073","article-title":"Review of in-vivo characterisation of corneal biomechanics Bernardo","volume":"11","author":"Lopes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Nov Technol Devices"},{"key":"R12-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147516","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/147516","article-title":"Corneal biomechanical assessment using corneal visualization scheimpflug technology in keratoconic and normal eyes","volume":"2014","author":"Tian","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R13-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-016-0048-4","article-title":"Consideration of corneal biomechanics in the diagnosis and management of keratoconus:Is it important?","volume":"3","author":"Bao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eye Vis (Lond)"},{"key":"R14-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joco.2017.05.002","article-title":"Keratoconus diagnosis using corvis ST measured biomechanical parameters","volume":"29","author":"Elham","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Curr Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R15-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2007.04.021","article-title":"Corneal biomechanical properties in normal, post-laser in situ keratomileusis, and keratoconic eyes","volume":"33","author":"Ortiz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R16-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12137","article-title":"Intraocular pressure and corneal biomechanics in Fuchs'endothelial dystrophy and after posterior lamellar keratoplasty","volume":"92","author":"Clemmensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R17-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380624","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/380624","article-title":"Assessment of corneal biomechanical properties by CorVis ST in patients with dry eye and in healthy subjects","volume":"2015","author":"Long","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R18-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12345","article-title":"Corneal biomechanics \u2013A review","volume":"37","author":"Kling","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"R19-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.10.001","article-title":"Pregnancy-induced changes in corneal biomechanics and topography are thyroid hormone related","volume":"184","author":"Tabibian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R20-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2011.99","article-title":"The biomechanical properties of the cornea in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"25","author":"Yazici","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R21-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2650","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_3365_20","article-title":"Short term changes in corneal stress-strain index and other corneal biomechanical parameters post-laser in situ keratomileusis","volume":"69","author":"Kenia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R22-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-9570.1000507","article-title":"A review of corneal biomechanics after LASIK and SMILE and the current methods of corneal biomechanical analysis","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R23-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322011000600025","article-title":"Biomechanical corneal changes induced by different flap thickness created by femtosecond laser","volume":"66","author":"Medeiros","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinics (Sao Paulo)"},{"key":"R24-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.09.036","article-title":"Changes in corneal biomechanics and intraocular pressure following LASIK using static, dynamic, and noncontact tonometry","volume":"143","author":"Pepose","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R25-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.5935\/0034-7280.20150061","article-title":"Changes of corneal biomechanical after femtosecond laser-assisted for cataract surgery","volume":"74","author":"Valbon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Bras Oftalmol"},{"key":"R26-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S76491","article-title":"Effects of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) on corneal biomechanical measurements with the corvis ST tonometer","volume":"9","author":"Frings","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R27-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0207189","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0207189","article-title":"High myopia induced by form deprivation is associated with altered corneal biomechanical properties in chicks","volume":"13","author":"Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R28-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001152","article-title":"Corneal biomechanical properties in high myopia measured by dynamic Scheimpflug imaging technology","volume":"94","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R29-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2011.104","article-title":"Association between corneal biomechanical properties and myopia in Chinese subjects","volume":"25","author":"Jiang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R30-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-020-01729-x","article-title":"Effect of biomechanical properties on myopia:A study of new corneal biomechanical parameters","volume":"20","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R31-20240918","first-page":"905129","article-title":"Assessment of corneal biomechanical properties and intraocular pressure in myopic Spanish healthy population","volume":"2014","author":"Del","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R32-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777239","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.777239","article-title":"The effect of axial length elongation on corneal biomechanical property","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"R33-20240918","first-page":"7","article-title":"Development and validation of a material stiffness parameter based on the corvis ST","volume":"2019","author":"Lopes","journal-title":"Oculus Spec Suppl"},{"key":"R34-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2921","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2127_19","article-title":"Age-related variation in corneal biomechanical parameters in healthy Indians","volume":"68","author":"Kenia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R35-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640434","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.640434","article-title":"Stress-strain index map:A new way to represent corneal material stiffness","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"}],"container-title":["Oman Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ojo.ojo_122_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:40:47Z","timestamp":1787773247000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ojo.ojo_122_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ojo.ojo_122_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["0974-620X","0974-7842"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0974-620X","type":"print"},{"value":"0974-7842","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-06-09","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-18","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}