{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:21:17Z","timestamp":1787775677530,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PURPOSE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to study ocular dominance and its association with retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular thickness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODOLOGY:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross-sectional study was conducted on 432 participants with nonpathological eyes. We determined the ocular dominance by the hole-in-card test (Dolman method). A comprehensive eye examination was conducted on the participants, including best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and anterior and posterior segment examination. The RNFL thickness was measured using optical coherence tomography. The findings were analyzed using paired\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -tests to compare between dominant and nondominant eyes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Out of the 432 participants, 70.4% (304) showed right eye dominance of study population had right eye dominance. The average RNFL (AvRNFL) thickness showed a small but significantly higher value in dominant eyes compared to nondominant eyes. We found significantly higher RNFL thickness in temporal, inferior and nasal quadrants in dominant eyes compared to nondominant eyes. Age had minimal effect on the difference in AvRNFL thickness between dominant and nondominant eyes (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.144). There was no significant difference in macular retinal thickness between the eyes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ocular dominance was found predominantly in the right eye. The dominant eye showed greater AvRNFL thickness compared to nondominant eye. AvRNFL, inferior RNFL, Nasal RNFL, Temporal RNFL thickness were greater in the dominant eye compared to the nondominant eye. There was no difference in macular thickness. Our findings suggest the need to consider dominance in various disease entities, in clinical decision making and normative data particularly concerning retinal nerve fiber layer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ojo.ojo_145_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T19:00:21Z","timestamp":1772218821000},"page":"54-58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sighting dominance, retinal nerve fiber layer and macula; are they related? \u2013 An ocular dominance analysis study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Roshni","family":"Robert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, KVG Medical College and Hospital, Sullia, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahesh","family":"Babu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, KVG Medical College and Hospital, Sullia, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishnendu","family":"Unnikannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, KVG Medical College and Hospital, Sullia, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konatham","family":"Shruthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, KVG Medical College and Hospital, Sullia, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1951.01700010395005","article-title":"A theory of ocular dominance","volume":"45","author":"Walls","year":"1951","journal-title":"AMA Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R2-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.83.5.880","article-title":"The dominant eye","volume":"83","author":"Porac","year":"1976","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"R3-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03194802","article-title":"What does the dominant eye dominate? A brief and somewhat contentious review","volume":"65","author":"Mapp","year":"2003","journal-title":"Percept Psychophys"},{"key":"R4-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2008.00312.x","article-title":"Sensory ocular dominance based on resolution acuity, contrast sensitivity and alignment sensitivity","volume":"92","author":"Suttle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"R5-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(96)13260-2","article-title":"The functional basis of ocular dominance: Functional MRI (fMRI) findings","volume":"221","author":"Rombouts","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"R6-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3177","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672120983169","article-title":"The effect of ocular dominance on macular function: A pattern electroretinogram study","volume":"31","author":"K\u0131l\u0131n\u00e7Hekimsoy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R7-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000000470","article-title":"Structural asymmetry of cortical visual areas is related to ocular dominance","volume":"26","author":"Jensen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"R8-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf210","article-title":"Effects of monocular viewing and eye dominance on spatial attention","volume":"125","author":"Roth","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"R9-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1999.0482","article-title":"Spatial attention and neglect: Parietal, frontal and cingulate contributions to the mental representation and attentional targeting of salient extrapersonal events","volume":"354","author":"Mesulam","year":"1999","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"R10-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9166","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8131","article-title":"Association between ocular dominance and spherical\/astigmatic anisometropia, age, and sex: Analysis of 10,264 myopic individuals","volume":"52","author":"Linke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R11-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2856","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-0878","article-title":"Association of ocular dominance and anisometropic myopia","volume":"45","author":"Cheng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R12-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5362","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8781","article-title":"Association between ocular dominance and spherical\/astigmatic anisometropia, age, and sex: Analysis of 1274 hyperopic individuals","volume":"53","author":"Linke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R13-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2008.11.004","article-title":"Macular thickness, retinal thickness, and optic disk parameters in dominant compared with nondominant eyes","volume":"13","author":"Samarawickrama","year":"2009","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"R14-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.4103\/tjosr.tjosr_116_20","article-title":"Association between central corneal thickness and ocular dominance in a South Indian population","volume":"59","author":"Ramesh","year":"2021","journal-title":"TNOAJ Ophthalmic Sci Res"},{"key":"R15-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kjms.2014.08.003","article-title":"Macular asymmetry analysis in sighting ocular dominance","volume":"30","author":"Pekel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J Med Sci"},{"key":"R16-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.12.041","article-title":"Visual function and spectacle independence after cataract surgery: Bilateral diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses versus monovision pseudophakia","volume":"37","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R17-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-197501000-00006","article-title":"Ocular dominance and amblyopia","volume":"52","author":"Coren","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Optom Physiol Opt"},{"key":"R18-20260302","first-page":"3873740","article-title":"The modulation of laser refractive surgery on sensory eye dominance of anisometropia","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol 2020"},{"key":"R19-20260302","first-page":"31","article-title":"Development of dominance in the central binocular field","volume":"49","author":"Dunlop","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br Orthop J"},{"key":"R20-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20080901-07","article-title":"Association between ocular dominance and refraction","volume":"24","author":"Eser","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"R21-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1910.04330050007004","article-title":"A method of determining ocular dominance","volume":"55","author":"Durand","year":"1910","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"R22-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-005-1128-7","article-title":"Eye preference within the context of binocular functions","volume":"243","author":"Ehrenstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R23-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.10.054","article-title":"Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness profiles associated with ocular laterality and dominance","volume":"558","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"R24-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2021.03.012","article-title":"Impact of ocular dominance on circumpapillary and macular retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and ganglion cell layer thickness in a healthy pediatric population","volume":"57","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Santos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R25-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.5935\/0034-7280.20180068","article-title":"Macular thickness and retinal nerve fiber thickness analysis in ocular dominance","volume":"77","author":"Cevher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev Bras Oftalmol"},{"key":"R26-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0150035","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150035","article-title":"Ocular dominance is associated with the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness profile in the macula","volume":"11","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R27-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2006.00414.x","article-title":"The absence of lateral congruency between sighting dominance and the eye with better visual acuity","volume":"27","author":"Pointer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"R28-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2021.0165","article-title":"Ocular dominance in open-angle glaucoma: The shifting trend depending on stage of the disease","volume":"36","author":"Choi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R29-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(02)01218-X","article-title":"Monovision pseudophakia","volume":"28","author":"Greenbaum","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R30-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.87.5.626","article-title":"Disease laterality, eye dominance, and visual handicap in patients with unilateral full thickness macular holes","volume":"87","author":"Waheed","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R31-20260302","first-page":"73","article-title":"Association between eye dominance and training for rifle marksmanship: A pilot study","volume":"67","author":"Jones","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Optom Assoc"},{"key":"R32-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26591","DOI":"10.5812\/asjsm.26591","article-title":"Vision examination protocol for archery athletes along with an introduction to sports vision","volume":"7","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian J Sports Med"}],"container-title":["Oman Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ojo.ojo_145_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:38:08Z","timestamp":1787773088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ojo.ojo_145_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ojo.ojo_145_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0974-620X","0974-7842"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0974-620X","type":"print"},{"value":"0974-7842","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-21","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-10","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}