{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:27:37Z","timestamp":1787772457040,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The World Health Organization (WHO) was notified by China on December 31, 2019, of a pneumonia outbreak severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus-19 virus infection in Wuhan. This outbreak was declared by the WHO from the Public Health Emergency of International Concern to formal declaration as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Because the public health measures like lockdown, the eye care delivery system was markedly impacted. The aim of this study was to find out if any pattern change of red eye cases among patients who attended eye accident and emergency (A and E) in a tertiary care hospital during COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 compared to 2019 and 2018.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>MATERIALS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a cohort retrospective study which included all patients who presented to eye A and E clinic with red eye from March 1 to July 31 in 2018, 2019, and 2020. Data were analyzed using statistical tools in the SPSS software. Furthermore, the clinical records of 578 inpatients with proven COVID-19 were reviewed for any red eye problem.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of 7895 eye patients attended eye A and E clinic during March\u2013July of 2018, 2019, and 2020, 1573 (19.9%) patients had red eye. Males were slightly dominant with 59%, and unilateral cases were the majority among them. The most common causes of red eye in 2018 and 2019 were injury, conjunctivitis, and keratitis; whereas in 2020, a clear dominance of injury and keratitis cases was found. Only 10 (2.03%) patients out of the 493 outpatients with red eye during the 5-month period in 2020 reported a prior contact to a COVID-19 positive case; of whom nine patients had conjunctivitis, and one had a right eye open globe injury. Of the 578 inpatients with proven COVID-19, only 1 (0.17%) patient had red eye with the diagnosis of conjunctivitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was relatively increased number of adults reporting with red eye in 2020. Eye injuries were the most common among all years, followed by conjunctivitis and keratitis. Ocular problems, however, might be a primary or secondary COVID-19 complaint and seem to be relatively uncommon in COVID-19 individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ojo.ojo_224_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T13:56:24Z","timestamp":1716558984000},"page":"220-226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Characterization of red eye cases presented to the eye emergency clinic at a tertiary care hospital during COVID-19 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Haidar Faisal","family":"Al Tamimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Muscat, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Nadhem","family":"Allawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kashan Medical Center, Muscat, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kishore","family":"Hanumantharayappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Muscat, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20240908"},{"key":"R3-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e145","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2020.60","article-title":"Epidemiology of COVID-19 infection in Oman:Analysis of the first 1304 cases","volume":"35","author":"Khamis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oman Med J"},{"key":"R4-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2020.100738","article-title":"COVID-19:Pathophysiology, diagnosis, complications and investigational therapeutics","volume":"37","author":"Azer","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Microbes New 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manifestations of a hospitalised patient with confirmed 2019 novel coronavirus disease","volume":"104","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R9-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2016.12.31798","article-title":"Differentiating urgent and emergent causes of acute red eye for the emergency physician","volume":"18","author":"Gilani","year":"2017","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"key":"R10-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2015.05.002","article-title":"Approach to red eye for primary care practitioners","volume":"42","author":"Dunlop","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prim Care"},{"key":"R11-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.4314\/njm.v18i2.45061","article-title":"Causes of red eye in Aminu Kano Teaching hospital, Kano-Nigeria","volume":"18","author":"Lawan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Niger J 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Virol"},{"key":"R16-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-021-01728-x","article-title":"Evaluation of ocular symptoms in COVID-19 subjects in inpatient and outpatient settings","volume":"41","author":"Sezgin Ak\u00e7ay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R17-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1319_20","article-title":"Clinical profile and prevalence of conjunctivitis in mild COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care COVID-19 hospital:A retrospective cross-sectional study","volume":"68","author":"Sindhuja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R18-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2020.1773868","article-title":"Ocular manifestations of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Northeast of Iran","volume":"28","author":"Abrishami","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"}],"container-title":["Oman Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ojo.ojo_224_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:47:58Z","timestamp":1787770078000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ojo.ojo_224_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ojo.ojo_224_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["0974-620X","0974-7842"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0974-620X","type":"print"},{"value":"0974-7842","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-07-30","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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