{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:19:46Z","timestamp":1787750386742,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"Abstract:<\/jats:title>\n \n BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n Systemic hypertension and coronary artery disease (CAD) cause widespread vascular and neurodegenerative changes, including in the retina. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers a noninvasive means to visualise these changes, serving as a potential marker of systemic vascular health. Retinal layers like the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (p-RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) are especially vulnerable to vascular damage, making them useful indicators of cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the p-RNFL and GC-IPL thickness among hypertensive individuals with and without CAD and healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n MATERIALS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n \n This prospective observational study included 140 participants divided into three groups: healthy controls (Group A,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 40), hypertensives without CAD (Group B,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 50), and hypertensives with CAD (Group C,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 50). All subjects underwent comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation, including spectral-domain-OCT, to measure p-RNFL and GC-IPL thickness in both eyes. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with a significance threshold of\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n \n Both p-RNFL and GC-IPL were significantly thinned in hypertensive subjects, especially those with CAD. Group A had the highest mean RNFL (114.11 \u00b1 10.09 \u03bcm) and GC-IPL (85.07 \u00b1 2.30 \u03bcm), whereas Group C showed the lowest (RNFL: 84.90 \u00b1 11.81 \u03bcm; GC-IPL: 105.97 \u00b1 11.72 \u03bcm). Differences were significant (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n OCT can find early signs of retinal nerve damage related to high blood pressure and CAD, indicating it can be a helpful noninvasive method for checking and tracking heart health risks.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ojo.ojo_245_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T02:00:11Z","timestamp":1782266411000},"page":"204-209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of optical coherence tomography in patients with coronary artery disease and systemic hypertension"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Shikha","family":"Bhardwaj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Subharti Medical College, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhat","family":"Abrar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Subharti Medical College, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e479","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14291","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in the thickness of the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer in patients with hypertension: A 4-year prospective observational study","volume":"98","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R2-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18902","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-23756-y","article-title":"Different characteristics of retinal damage between chronic hypertension and hypertensive retinopathy","volume":"12","author":"Nam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R3-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.4103\/jpcs.jpcs_74_18","article-title":"Acute coronary syndrome in young-A tertiary care centre experience with reference to coronary angiogram","volume":"5","author":"Iragavarapu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pract Cardiovasc Scie"},{"key":"R4-20260624","first-page":"2040","article-title":"Association of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and systemic hypertension","volume":"57","author":"White","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R5-20260624","first-page":"200180","article-title":"Hypertensive retinopathy and cardiovascular disease risk: 6 population-based cohorts meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Liew","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol Cardiovasc Risk Prev"},{"key":"R6-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.11.6.27","article-title":"Comparison of retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness values using spectral-domain and swept-source OCT","volume":"11","author":"Rabiolo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"R7-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.11.016","article-title":"Changes in ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness and retinal microvasculature in hypertension: An optical coherence tomography angiography study","volume":"199","author":"Lim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R8-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.8.42","article-title":"Retinal neurovascular impairment in patients with essential hypertension: An optical coherence tomography angiography study","volume":"61","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R9-20260624","first-page":"971453","article-title":"Emerging risk biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases and disorders","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Lipids 2015"},{"key":"R10-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.63.9.16","article-title":"Macular layer thickness and effect of bmi, body fat, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors: The troms\u00f8study","volume":"63","author":"von Hanno","year":"2022","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R11-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-023-02728-7","article-title":"Retinal nerve fiber layer thinning as a novel fingerprint for cardiovascular events: Results from the prospective cohorts in UK and China","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"R12-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708491","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.708491","article-title":"Retinal microvasculature changes in patients with coronary total occlusion on optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"8","author":"Zhong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"R13-20260624","first-page":"66","article-title":"Effect of systemic arterial hypertension on retinal nerve fiber layer and macular thickness","volume":"37","author":"Rezk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Benha Med J"},{"key":"R14-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6541","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-63603-6","article-title":"Peripapillary microvascular changes in patients with systemic hypertension: An optical coherence tomography angiography study","volume":"10","author":"Shin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R15-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672119880390","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography and arterial hypertension: A role in identifying subclinical microvascular damage?","volume":"31","author":"Donati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R16-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1177\/00369330211011175","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography measurements in patients with systemic hypertension","volume":"66","author":"Bursali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scott Med J"},{"key":"R17-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3629","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-023-02570-4","article-title":"Detection of systemic cardiovascular illnesses and cardiometabolic risk factors with machine learning and optical coherence tomography angiography: A pilot study","volume":"37","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"}],"container-title":["Oman Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ojo.ojo_245_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T12:27:55Z","timestamp":1787747275000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ojo.ojo_245_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ojo.ojo_245_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0974-620X","0974-7842"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0974-620X","type":"print"},{"value":"0974-7842","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-26","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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