{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:22:04Z","timestamp":1787840524880,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Assessing central and peripheral contrast sensitivity (CS) in myopic patients with varying degrees of refractive error using Spaeth\/Richman contrast sensitivity test (SPARCS) and compared it with emmetropic individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>MATERIALS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CS of 50 consecutive myopic individuals of varying severity was matched with emmetropes using an online CS test, SPARCS, and Pelli-Robson test. Group comparisons for continuously distributed data were made using analysis of variance (ANOVA) when comparing the groups. A\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">post hoc<\/jats:italic>\n                      analysis was also done to compare pairs of each group. SPARCS scores were correlated with age and gender.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data of 126 eyes, 96 eyes from 50 myopes and 30 eyes from 15 emmetropes, were analyzed. The total SPARCS scores of Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 75.15 \u00b1 9.59, 76.48 \u00b1 7.74, 74.55 \u00b1 7.48, and 86.43 + 5.3, respectively. Univariate ANOVA analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in total SPARCS score distribution in the three subgroups with myopia (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.048) and between all the groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.000). No statistically significant difference was seen between the groups when comparing the individual SPARCS scores with either age or gender.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study concludes that there is a significant difference in the CS in patients with varying severity of myopia and assessing peripheral CS is an important adjunct to central CS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ojo.ojo_271_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T05:01:40Z","timestamp":1740459700000},"page":"16-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of central and peripheral contrast sensitivity in myopes using Spaeth\/Richman contrast sensitivity"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Parul","family":"Ichhpujani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uday Pratap Singh","family":"Parmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohan Bir","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suresh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1377","article-title":"The effect of myopia on contrast thresholds","volume":"48","author":"Stoimenova","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R2-20250225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2013.05.001","article-title":"Contrast sensitivity basics and a critique of currently available tests","volume":"39","author":"Richman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract 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