{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:27:24Z","timestamp":1787772444983,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PURPOSE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the refractive outcomes in eyes with severe Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) after treatment with the frequency-doubled neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd-YAG) laser 532 nm (green laser) at 1\u20132 years of age and compare with eyes that underwent spontaneous regression of ROP and to identify the risk factors associated with the refractive outcomes in laser-treated eyes with severe ROP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODOLOGY:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infants who underwent laser treatment with green laser were enrolled in Group 1 and those who had spontaneous regression of ROP were enrolled in Group 2. All these children underwent a visual assessment, refraction using 1% cyclopentolate eye drops and indirect ophthalmoscopy at 1\u20132 years of age. Data regarding the gestational age, sex, birth weight, inborn (born in our institution) or outborn (born outside and referred to us), stage and zone of ROP and laser spots given were obtained from the treatment records. Data were analyzed using SSPS 19.0 software for Windows (SSPS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 102 infants were enrolled, 51 in each group. Visual acuity ranged from 0.25\u20131 cycles per cm in both groups. Spherical equivalent (SE) ranged from \u2212 8.25 D to + 5.50 D in Group 1 and \u22121.00D to +4.00D in Group 2. Group 1 had an incidence of 23.5% Myopia and 33.4% Astigmatism which was significantly more than Group 2. The linear regression model predicted a decrease in the SE by 0.658D if the number of laser spots increased by 1000 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). No other risk factors (gestational age\/birth weight) were found to have a significant association with refractive errors in the lasered ROP group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eyes with laser-treated severe ROP are frequently associated with myopia and astigmatism when compared to spontaneously regressed ROP. The number of laser spots delivered has a direct association with the amount of refractive error.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ojo.ojo_315_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T13:49:17Z","timestamp":1716558557000},"page":"331-336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Refractive outcomes following yttrium aluminum garnet laser (532 nm green laser) in severe retinopathy of prematurity"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ajax","family":"Jossy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nirupama","family":"Kasturi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swapnil Parchand","family":"Madhukar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K Ramesh","family":"Babu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salin","family":"Elias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-14-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2016-310532","article-title":"Epidemiology of blindness in children","volume":"102","author":"Solebo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"R2-14-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.02.001","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity-incidence today","volume":"40","author":"Zin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"R3-14-20240908","first-page":"730","article-title":"Screening and treatment in retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"112","author":"Stahl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"R4-14-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.03.025","article-title":"Prevalence of myopia at 9 months in infants with high-risk prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"112","author":"Davitt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R5-14-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27492008000100010","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of green laser photocoagulation for threshold retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"71","author":"Lira","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arq Bras Oftalmol"},{"key":"R6-14-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2009.168583","article-title":"Frequency-doubled Nd: YAG (532 nm green) versus diode laser (810 nm) in treatment of retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"94","author":"Sanghi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R7-14-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.030","article-title":"Prevalence of refractive error among preschool children in an urban population: The Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Study","volume":"116","author":"Giordano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R8-14-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.4103\/ojo.OJO_97_2016","article-title":"Risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity in a district in South India: A prospective cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Ahuja","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oman J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R9-14-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-011-1021-z","article-title":"Laser treatment for retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"28","author":"Houston","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"R10-14-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20120207-02","article-title":"An assessment of ocular morbidities of children born prematurely in early childhood","volume":"49","author":"Goktas","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"R11-14-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.86306","article-title":"Structural sequelae and refractive outcome 1 year after laser treatment for type 1 prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity in Asian Indian eyes","volume":"59","author":"Katoch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R12-14-20240908","first-page":"163","article-title":"Visual outcome and refractive status in first 3 years of age in preterm infants suffered from laser-treated type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP): A 6-year retrospective review in a tertiary centre in Hong Kong","volume":"38","author":"Lok","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R13-14-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000533","article-title":"Refractive status of Chinese with laser-treated retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"92","author":"Ruan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R14-14-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-014-0014-x","article-title":"One-year clinical outcome after laser treatment for retinopathy of prematurity at a tertiary center in Turkey","volume":"35","author":"Gunay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R15-14-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20131112-02","article-title":"Diode laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity: Outcomes after 7 years of treatment","volume":"51","author":"Nicoara","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"R16-14-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12280","article-title":"Prevalence and outcomes of laser treatment of aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"42","author":"Gunn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R17-14-20240908","first-page":"122","article-title":"Refractive and visual outcome after laser-treated retinopathy of prematurity in Western Romania","volume":"11","author":"Stoica","year":"2016","journal-title":"Maedica (Bucur"},{"key":"R18-14-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S84077","article-title":"Refractive outcome of prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity treated by diode laser: Follow-up at 5 years","volume":"9","author":"Nguyen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R19-14-20240908","first-page":"287","article-title":"Outcome of solid-state 532 nm green laser in high-risk retinopathy of prematurity at a tertiary care centre in India","volume":"38","author":"Chhabra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R20-14-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_325_19","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of 532 nm frequency-doubled Nd-YAG green laser photocoagulation for treatment of retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"67","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R21-14-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S38915","article-title":"Structural and functional results of indirect diode laser treatment for retinopathy of prematurity from 1999 to 2003 in Kuwait","volume":"7","author":"Wani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R22-14-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.068304","article-title":"Long term functional and structural outcomes of laser therapy for retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"90","author":"McLoone","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R23-14-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjopt.2012.05.006","article-title":"Long term visual outcomes in laser treated threshold retinopathy of prematurity in Central Saudi Arabia","volume":"26","author":"Al-Otaibi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Saudi J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R24-14-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_872_16","article-title":"Refractive and ocular biometric profile of children with a history of laser treatment for retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"65","author":"Kaur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R25-14-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.006","article-title":"Astigmatism progression in the early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity study to 6 years of age","volume":"118","author":"Davitt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R26-14-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.5935\/0004-2749.20140010","article-title":"Comparative study of visual functions in premature pre-school children with and without retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"77","author":"Bonotto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arq Bras Oftalmol"},{"key":"R27-14-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2009.63","article-title":"Long-term visual outcomes of laser-treated threshold retinopathy of prematurity: A study of refractive status at 7 years","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eye (Lond"}],"container-title":["Oman Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ojo.ojo_315_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:47:07Z","timestamp":1787770027000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ojo.ojo_315_21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ojo.ojo_315_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["0974-620X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0974-620X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}}}