{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:26:10Z","timestamp":1787772370972,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>AIM:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of the study was to analyze orbitofacial anthropometric parameters such as inner and outer canthal distances (ICD and OCD), palpebral fissure length (PFL), interpupillary distance (IPD), and canthal index (CI) in children with pseudostrabismus and to compare the measured IPD (mIPD) with calculated IPD (cIPD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>MATERIALS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a prospective study of sixty children (6 months\u201318 years) with pseudostrabismus. ICD, OCD, PFL, and IPD were measured by digital Vernier caliper. The formula used was cIPD: 0.21+0.24 ICD+0.58\u00b0CD for males and 1.4+0.31 ICD+0.41\u00b0CD for females. Values measured by caliper were compared with that calculated by the formula. The formula used was CI: ICD \u00d7 100\/OCD. Data were analyzed statistically.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean age was 6.66 \u00b1 3.57 years. Telecanthus was the most common finding (55%). The mean ICD and OCD in males were 30.89 \u00b1 3.33 mm and 87.96 \u00b1 8.09 mm and in females were 30.91 \u00b1 3.05 and 86.22 \u00b1 6.81 mm, respectively. The mean right eye PFL in males was 28.53 \u00b1 2.63 mm and in females was 27.66 \u00b1 2.22 mm and left eye PFL in males was 28.53 mm \u00b1 2.63 and in females was 27.66 \u00b1 2.22 mm. CI in males was 35.10 \u00b1 1.65 and in females was 35.84 \u00b1 1.71. Mean mIPD and cIPD: male \u2013 55.37 \u00b1 4.75 mm and 58.56 \u00b1 5.34 mm, female \u2013 53.32 \u00b1 4.74 mm and 46.26 \u00b1 3.71 mm. A good agreement was found between mIPD and cIPD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study helps in documenting the anthropometric pattern of the orbitofacial parameters in children with pseudostrabismus which can act as reference data. This helps in the management of orbitofacial, craniofacial syndromes\/deformities and lid reconstructive surgeries in retaining ethnical features and obtaining better function. In children\u2019s spectacle frame 1 and lens making, where measuring IPD is difficult, cIPD can be a simple alternative.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ojo.ojo_326_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T13:54:21Z","timestamp":1716558861000},"page":"516-523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of orbitofacial anthropometry in children with pseudostrabismus"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"V.","family":"Kavitha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Sankara Eye Hospital, Shimoga, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vidya S.","family":"Mooss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Ophthalmology, Sankara Eye Hospital, Shimoga, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. 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