{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:22:12Z","timestamp":1787775732202,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Variation of multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) data presentation in existing scientific publications is a challenge for eye care practitioners to apply the scientific information for evidence-based practice in patient management. This review offers an overview of the mfERG data presentation types. Eight types of data presentation in the form of a table, scatter plot, line graph, bar graph\/box plot, single waveform\/a group of waveforms, trace array topography, three-dimensional topography, and two-dimensional topography are identified. The table format is used to provide the exact values. Line graphs, scatter, and box plots offer information about the relationship of mfERG values. Waveforms are helpful for comparison between groups or conditions. Topographies outline the retinal, especially the specific localized retinal abnormalities. An infographic of fundamental mfERG electrical response with definitions and clinical indications is provided to bridge the gap between researchers and clinicians to facilitate efficient clinical application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ojo.ojo_48_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T02:00:14Z","timestamp":1708480814000},"page":"11-18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A simplification of intricate multifocal electroretinogram understanding: A mini-review"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ai-Hong","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Optometry, iROViS, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhamad Syukri Mohamad","family":"Rafiuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MATA by Optometrist, Jalan Niaga Bestari, Puncak Bestari, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azmir","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optometry, iROViS, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saiful Azlan","family":"Rosli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optometry, iROViS, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-019-09740-4","article-title":"ISCEV extended protocol for derivation and analysis of the strong flash rod-isolated ERG a-wave","volume":"140","author":"Brigell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R2-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-007-9089-2","article-title":"ISCEV guidelines for clinical multifocal electroretinography (2007 edition)","volume":"116","author":"Hood","year":"2008","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R3-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-011-9296-8","article-title":"ISCEV standard for clinical multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) (2011 edition)","volume":"124","author":"Hood","year":"2012","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R4-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-008-9155-4","article-title":"ISCEV Standard for full-field clinical electroretinography (2008 update)","volume":"118","author":"Marmor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R5-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022591317907","article-title":"Guidelines for basic multifocal electroretinography (mfERG)","volume":"106","author":"Marmor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R6-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-017-9621-y","article-title":"ISCEV guide to visual electrodiagnostic procedures","volume":"136","author":"Robson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R7-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2006.10.005","article-title":"The clinical applications of multifocal electroretinography:A systematic review","volume":"52","author":"Lai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R8-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2017.70.3.267","article-title":"Statistical data presentation","volume":"70","author":"In","year":"2017","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"R9-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1002723501303","article-title":"Technical aspects of multifocal ERG recording","volume":"100","author":"Keating","year":"2000","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R10-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-004-0892-0","article-title":"Senescence of human multifocal electroretinogram components:A localized approach","volume":"242","author":"Tzekov","year":"2004","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R11-20240918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020553020264","article-title":"Effects of APB, PDA, and TTX on ERG responses recorded using both multifocal and conventional methods in monkey. 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