{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T14:40:08Z","timestamp":1788792008365,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n Pterygium is very common in India and is usually removed by limbal conjunctival autograft transplantation (LCAT), which, despite being the first-line therapy, is still associated with recurrences of up to 18%.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n To compare the safety and efficacy of topical cyclosporine A (CsA) and interferon (IFN) alpha-2b in the prevention of postoperative recurrence of pterygium.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n A total of 40 patients with primary pterygium were randomized into two equal groups, Group C and Group I. Both the groups underwent LCAT, with Group C kept on topical cyclosporine 0.05% (CsA) 4 times daily and Group I on topical IFN alpha 2b 0.2 million IU 4 times daily postoperatively for 3 months. Pre- and posttreatment best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), recurrence, and complications were assessed at day 1, week 1, 1 month, and 3 months.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n \n The mean preoperative BCVA of 0.51 \u00b1 0.18 and 0.51 \u00b1 0.23 improved to 0.13 \u00b1 0.13 and 0.13 \u00b1 0.13 in Group C and Group I, respectively, after 3 months of treatment (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.0001). Recurrence was seen in 2 cases in Group C and in 1 case in Group I at 3 months. No significant complications occurred in either of the groups.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n Topical CsA and IFN Alpha-2b are newer efficacious adjuvants with LCAT for prevention of postoperative pterygium recurrence.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ojo.ojo_56_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T02:50:51Z","timestamp":1676947851000},"page":"30-34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Topical cyclosporine A and interferon alpha-2b as adjuvants to surgery to decrease pterygium recurrence"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Usha K.","family":"Raina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Banu","family":"Pavitra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shruti","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumar","family":"Ravinesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruchi","family":"Goel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-7-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/IIO.0b013e3181924f62","article-title":"Pterygium: Current concepts in pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"49","author":"Todani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"key":"R2-7-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e3281a7ecbb","article-title":"Current concepts and techniques in pterygium treatment","volume":"18","author":"Ang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R3-7-20240908","first-page":"3430","article-title":"UVB-mediated induction of interleukin-6 and -8 in pterygia and cultured human pterygium epithelial cells","volume":"43","author":"Di Girolamo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R4-7-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2011.312","article-title":"Association of human papilloma virus with pterygia and ocular-surface squamous neoplasia","volume":"26","author":"Di","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eye (Lond"},{"key":"R5-7-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70103-9","article-title":"The pathogenesis of pterygium: Current concepts and their 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alpha-2b","volume":"40","author":"Esquenazi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R13-7-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001995","article-title":"Interferon alpha-2b eye drops prevent recurrence of pterygium after the bare sclera technique: A single-center, sequential, and controlled study","volume":"38","author":"Yin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R14-7-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1997.01100160405001","article-title":"Effect of pterygium morphology on pterygium recurrence in a controlled trial comparing conjunctival autografting with bare sclera excision","volume":"115","author":"Tan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R15-7-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(97)30197-3","article-title":"Comparison of conjunctival autografts, amniotic membrane grafts, and primary 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