{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:26:11Z","timestamp":1787772371697,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"\n \n \n Ligneous conjunctivitis is a rare disease in which pseudomembranes develop on the mucosal surfaces of the eye. Only a handful of cases have been reported in the past 100 years. Although plasminogen deficiency is largely implicated in the pathogenesis of this condition, infectious agents are also thought to play a role in worsening the disease. Treatment is usually challenging. We present a case of 3-year-old female in whom a multidrug-resistant\n Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n was isolated from the culture of the pseudomembranes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time\n P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n has been implicated as an exacerbation factor. Furthermore, we have given merit to the triple regimen of corticosteroids, heparin, and cyclosporine as being effective. We also added antibiotics to target the infectious organism.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ojo.ojo_64_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T13:44:37Z","timestamp":1716558277000},"page":"184-186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ligneous conjunctivitis exacerbated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa - Diagnostic and therapeutic approach"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Madiha","family":"Tariq","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Abdullah","family":"Zahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taimoor Ashraf","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hira Ghafar","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-12-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(03)00056-0","article-title":"Ligneous conjunctivitis","volume":"48","author":"Schuster","year":"2003","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R2-12-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2007.02776.x","article-title":"Plasminogen deficiency","volume":"5","author":"Schuster","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"R3-12-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bcr2014204138","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2014-204138","article-title":"Tranexamic acid-induced ligneous conjunctivitis with renal failure showed reversible hypoplasminogenaemia","volume":"2014","author":"Song","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"R4-12-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e228538","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-228538","article-title":"Pseudomembranous conjunctivitis: Unveil the curtain","volume":"12","author":"Sahay","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"R5-12-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2018.05.011","article-title":"Fresh frozen plasma (Octaplas) and topical heparin in the management of ligneous conjunctivitis","volume":"23","author":"Watts","year":"2019","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"R6-12-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(89)90216-X","article-title":"Immunohistologic findings and results of treatment with cyclosporine in ligneous conjunctivitis","volume":"107","author":"Holland","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R7-12-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)72619-4","article-title":"Induction of ligneous conjunctivitis by conjunctival surgery","volume":"120","author":"Schwartz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R8-12-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(95)30813-5","article-title":"Topical heparin in the treatment of ligneous conjunctivitis","volume":"102","author":"De Cock","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R9-12-20240908","first-page":"25","article-title":"Treating a ligneous conjunctivitis with false membrane through a local tri-therapy: A glucocorticoid, an anticoagulant and an immunosuppressor","volume":"20","author":"Lecame","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pharm Clin"},{"key":"R10-12-20240908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2009.06.005","article-title":"Successful treatment of ligneous conjunctivitis with topical cyclosporine and heparin","volume":"13","author":"Azad","year":"2009","journal-title":"J AAPOS"}],"container-title":["Oman Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ojo.ojo_64_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:41:47Z","timestamp":1787769707000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ojo.ojo_64_21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ojo.ojo_64_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["0974-620X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0974-620X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}}}