{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:31:27Z","timestamp":1787776287549,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Concomitant use of multiple drugs is often indicated to manage comorbid conditions and enhance efficacy. Such concomitant use of multiple drugs (five or more drugs) has been defined as \u201cpolypharmacy.\u201d Polypharmacy has been associated with adverse consequences such as greater healthcare costs, increased risk of adverse drug events, drug\u2013drug interactions (DDIs), medication nonadherence, reduced functional capacity, and multiple geriatric syndromes. This study evaluated number of potential harmful DDIs due to polypharmacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective, cross-sectional, observational study was performed from July 2011 to June 2012. Approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee, Goa Medical College. Drug interactions were identified using a computerized DDI database system Lexi-Comp version: 2.4.1. Quantitative data analysis was done by the SPSS for Windows version 17.0.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seven hundred and fifty-one out of 5424 (13.85%) prescriptions were observed to have polypharmacy with highest rates observed in the Department of Medicine. The median age of patients was 55.60 \u00b1 13.86 (range 10\u2013108 years). A total number of drugs per prescription ranged from minimum of 5 to maximum of 16 drugs, with an average of 7.96 \u00b1 1.75. A large number of 596 prescriptions contained 6\u20139 drugs per prescription. Drugs involved in potential DDIs in our study included aspirin, antacids, beta-blockers, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme reductase inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ondansetron, and H2 blockers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients taking multiple medications experience unique pharmacotherapy. Personalized drug prescribing strategies and close monitoring of patients taking drugs with potential DDIs are keys to optimal therapeutic result.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/picr.picr_132_16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,5]],"date-time":"2017-10-05T01:08:14Z","timestamp":1507165694000},"page":"180-186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["A study of harmful drug\u2013drug interactions due to polypharmacy in hospitalized patients in Goa Medical College"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Akshay","family":"Khandeparkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Affairs, Roche Pharmaceuticals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Padmanabh V.","family":"Rataboli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Goa Medical College, Goa, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20250523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S2468","article-title":"Polypharmacy: Misleading, but manageable","volume":"3","author":"Bushardt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"R2-20250523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2013.02.003","article-title":"Factors affecting the development of adverse drug reactions (Review article)","volume":"22","author":"Alomar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm J"},{"key":"R3-20250523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-008-0473-y","article-title":"Factors predicting hospital readmissions related to adverse drug reactions","volume":"64","author":"Ruiz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"R4-20250523","first-page":"749","article-title":"Polypharmacy in the HIV-infected older adult population","volume":"8","author":"Gleason","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"R5-20250523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.4236\/pp.2014.54048","article-title":"Possibility of drug-drug interaction in prescription dispensed by community and hospital pharmacy","volume":"5","author":"Kafeel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacology & Pharmacy"},{"key":"R6-20250523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2011.08.029","article-title":"Association between clusters of diseases and polypharmacy in hospitalized elderly patients: Results from the REPOSI study","volume":"22","author":"Nobili","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"R7-20250523","first-page":"193168","article-title":"Chronic condition clusters and polypharmacy among adults","author":"Vyas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Family Med 2012"},{"key":"R8-20250523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.3109\/13668250.2013.778968","article-title":"Medication use among Australian adults with intellectual disability in primary healthcare settings: A cross-sectional study","volume":"38","author":"Doan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Intellect Dev Disabil"},{"key":"R9-20250523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-008-1106-2","article-title":"Polypharmacy, inappropriate prescribing and adverse drug reactions in Austria","volume":"120","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"R10-20250523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7613.129303","article-title":"A study of potential drug-drug interactions among hospitalized cardiac patients in a teaching hospital in Western Nepal","volume":"46","author":"Sharma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Pharmacol"},{"key":"R11-20250523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89102003000200008","article-title":"Risk of drug interaction: Combination of antidepressants and other drugs","volume":"37","author":"Miyasaka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev Saude Publica"},{"key":"R12-20250523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-42302001000400036","article-title":"Drug prescription for hospitalized pediatric patients: How can the quality be evaluated?","volume":"47","author":"Meiners","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rev Assoc Med Bras"},{"key":"R15-20250523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2007.06.009","article-title":"Potential drug interactions in cancer patients receiving supportive care exclusively","volume":"35","author":"Riechelmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"R16-20250523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-199404060-00002","article-title":"Polypharmacy in the aged. 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