{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T01:09:52Z","timestamp":1789002592432,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Tamarindus indica<\/jats:italic>\n                      L. which has anti-inflammatory, radical scavenging, and ulcer healing effects can be useful for the alleviation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, the effects of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. indica<\/jats:italic>\n                      fruit pulp (TIPE) and seed extracts (TISE) were investigated on experimental colitis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Experimental approach:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TIPE and TISE (125, 250, and 500 mg\/kg) were made by maceration (ethanol\/water: 80\/30) and administered to male Wistar rats with acetic acid-induced colitis. Prednisolone (4 mg\/kg) and mesalazine (100 mg\/kg) were used as reference drugs. The colon tissues were examined for macroscopic and pathologic parameters and myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) values.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings\/Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The total phenols were 45.7 \u00b1 1.1 and 453.0 \u00b1 3.3 mg\/g in terms of gallic acid for TIPE and TISE, respectively. Both of the extracts significantly improved most of the investigated parameters including body weight loss, the weight of colons, indices of ulcers, and total colitis. MPO activity and MDA in the treatment groups (except for TIPE at 125 mg\/Kg) significantly decreased compared to the control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and implications:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both TIPE and TISE were effective in the treatment of colitis however it seems that the effective ingredients were more concentrated in seeds rather than pulp extract so the highest dose of seed extract had a competitive effect with reference drugs. More studies are needed to introduce\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. indica<\/jats:italic>\n                      as a suitable complementary medicine or food for patients with IBD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/rps.rps_131_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T01:09:02Z","timestamp":1719882542000},"page":"276-286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effect of Tamarindus indica L. fruit pulp and seed extracts on experimental ulcerative colitis in rats"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Minaiyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sepehr","family":"Abolhasani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Setareh","family":"Sima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afsaneh","family":"Yegdaneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"R1-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1053\/bega.2002.0354","article-title":"The current future understanding of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"16","author":"Podolsky","year":"2002","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"R2-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.01.063","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: incidence, prevalence, and environmental influences","volume":"126","author":"Loftus","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R3-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7247238","article-title":"A Comprehensive review and update on the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"2019","author":"Guan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"R4-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2007.03.004","article-title":"Novel and future medical management of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"87","author":"Summers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"R5-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.3390\/ph3041084","article-title":"Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"3","author":"Klein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"issue":"3","key":"R6-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-008-0368-x","article-title":"On the use of herbal medicines in management of inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review of animal and human studies","volume":"54","author":"Rahimi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"36","key":"R7-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4504","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i36.4504","article-title":"A review of the efficacy of traditional Iranian medicine for inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"16","author":"Rahimi","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R8-20240909","first-page":"127","article-title":"Tamarindus indica","volume":"1","author":"Rao","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ind J Arecanut Spices Med Plants"},{"key":"R9-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.1995.390.6","article-title":"Chemical and biological evaluation of Tamarindus indica L. growing in Sudan","volume":"390","author":"Ibrahim","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Hortic"},{"issue":"6","key":"R10-20240909","first-page":"2553","article-title":"Chemical constituents of Tamarindus indica. 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