{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:31:33Z","timestamp":1786649493287,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Microfluidic technology provides enhanced standardization for formulating nanoencapsulated drugs compared to traditional bulk methodologies. Here, microfluidic nano-niosomal deferoxamine (Nn-DFO) was compared to micro-niosomal (Mn-DFO) and liposomal (L-DFO) formulations synthesized by conventional thin-film hydration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Experimental approach:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The formulations were subjected to physicochemical analyses.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      functional efficacy and safety were analyzed in mouse models of iron overload. Urinary and fecal iron excretion were also assessed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings\/Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean particle sizes were 180.89\u00b174.34 nm for L-DFO, 87.06\u00b12.67 nm for Nn-DFO, and 7.41 \u00b1 0.19 \u03bcm for Mn-DFO. Encapsulation efficiencies of L-DFO, Nn-DFO, and Mn-DFO formulations were 64.54%, 57.1%, and 70.72%, respectively. The 4-h drug release rates for L-DFO, Nn-DFO, and Mn-DFO formulations were 20.95%, 31.34%, and 26.30%, respectively, compared to 59.46% release from free DFO (F-DFO) within 4 h. Animals treated with F-DFO, L-DFO, Nn-DFO, and Mn-DFO showed significant reductions in the iron content of the liver (45.03%, 49.36%, 41.63%, and 23.52%, respectively). Urinary iron excretion on day 1\n                      <jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup>\n                      and fecal iron excretion on day 3\n                      <jats:sup>rd<\/jats:sup>\n                      after drug administration were the highest in the groups treated with F-DFO and Nn-DF O compared to other groups. Fecal iron excretion on day 7\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      was the highest in mice receiving Nn-DFO compared to different formulations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and implications:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nn-DFO synthesized by the microfluidic approach showed iron chelation efficacy and immediate iron excretion profile comparable to F-DFO, while being superior to Mn-DFO and L-DFO regarding delayed iron excretion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/rps.rps_155_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T04:00:22Z","timestamp":1777176022000},"page":"146-163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative evaluation of microfluidic-synthesized nano-niosomes versus liposomal and micro-niosomal deferoxamine in murine iron overload models"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Bazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somayyeh","family":"Karami-Mohajeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajar Mardani","family":"Valandani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 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