{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:36:08Z","timestamp":1787070968257,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Inflammation, fever, and pain can be associated with several diseases, and the synthetic drugs used in the treatment of these conditions often have severe side effects. As a result, there is a need for effective, economical, and safe alternative drugs, such as those derived from medicinal plants. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and antioxidant activities of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Castanopsis costata<\/jats:italic>\n                      leaf fractions (CcLF), as well as its acute toxicity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Experimental approach:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      For anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic tests, rats were given CcLF (WFCC, EAFcC, and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      -HFCC) at 50 and 100 mg\/kg, diclofenac sodium (10 mg\/kg), paracetamol (150 mg\/kg), aspirin (100 mg\/kg), and tramadol (20 mg\/kg). For the antioxidant activity test, various concentrations of CcLF were used ranging from 25 to 200 \u03bcg\/mL. This study also looked into whether there could be any acute toxicity and histopathology of the liver, stomach, and kidneys in experimental animals.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings\/Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The administration of CcLF significantly inhibited the increase in foot edema volume, and CcLF (EAFCC at 100 mg\/kg) considerably decreased rectal temperature and was proportional to the standard drug paracetamol, and significantly inhibited pain sensation in various models. Additionally, CcLF showed strong antioxidant activity, and its administration at a dose limit of 5000 mg\/kg\/day did not show any toxic effects or death in test animals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and implications:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of the current confirmed that CcLF has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and antioxidant properties in experimental models, and is practically non-toxic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/rps.rps_201_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T01:06:15Z","timestamp":1719882375000},"page":"251-266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Pharmacological evaluation of anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and antioxidant activities of Castanopsis costata leaf fractions (water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane fractions): the potential medicinal plants from North Sumatra, Indonesia"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Maulana Yusuf","family":"Alkandahri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang, Karawang, West Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asman","family":"Sadino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Garut, Garut, West Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barolym Tri","family":"Pamungkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zulpakor","family":"Oktoba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Arfania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang, Karawang, West Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nia","family":"Yuniarsih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang, Karawang, West Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eko Sri","family":"Wahyuningsih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang, Karawang, West Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dea Eka","family":"Putri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang, Karawang, West Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"R1-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.2174\/187221309787158371","article-title":"Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress as a major cause of age-related diseases and cancer","volume":"3","author":"Khansari","year":"2009","journal-title":"Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov"},{"issue":"3","key":"R2-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1080\/10496475.2019.1608886","article-title":"The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of Juniperu thurifera","volume":"25","author":"Athamena","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Herbs Spices Med Plants"},{"issue":"4","key":"R3-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2015.1102802","article-title":"Central mediators involved in the febrile response: effects of antipyretic drugs","volume":"2","author":"Zampronio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Temperature (Austin)"},{"issue":"3","key":"R4-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.03.069","article-title":"Does the use of antipyretics in children who have acute infections prolong febrile illness? 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