{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T04:59:12Z","timestamp":1785214752329,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease prevalent in subtropical and tropical regions, with limited and often toxic treatments ineffective against drug-resistant strains. This study explored 1,013 compounds from algae and corals for potential anti-leishmanial effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Experimental approach:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Three-dimensional structures of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                      major proteins, zinc leishmanolysin glycoprotein 63 (GP63), farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS), and N-myristoyltransferase (NMT), as well as 389 coral compounds and 624 algal compounds, were obtained from the PubChem database. Molecular docking analysis was performed using PyRx and AutoDock Vina software for each of the three\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                      proteins with individual protein-ligand combinations. The properties, including activity, daily carcinogenicity, and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET), were predicted using SwissADME, Lazar, and Way2Drug tools. Using the GROMACS program, coral and algal compounds with the highest binding scores for each protein were selected for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings\/Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Alga-utd-01 and Coral-utd-01 exhibited strong affinity for the GP63. Additionally, Alga-utd-05 and Coral-utd-02 showed the highest binding affinity to FPPS, while the top compounds for NMT were Alga-utd-14 and Coral-utd-03. Moreover, Alga-utd-05, Alga-utd-22, and Alga-utd-16 were common algal compounds interacting with all three proteins, and Coral-utd-01, Coral-utd-02, Coral-utd-03, Coral-utd-06, and Coral-utd-12 were common coral compounds. The MD results confirmed relatively stable interactions between the proposed compounds and the three important\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                      proteins.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and implications:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The algae- and coral-derived compounds exhibited promising anti-parasitic and anti-inflammatory properties, warranting further experimental validation for leishmaniasis treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/rps.rps_223_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T04:00:25Z","timestamp":1785124825000},"page":"536-565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In silico anti-leishmanial potential of algal and coral compounds using molecular dynamic simulation and docking methods"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Hajar","family":"Shabandoust","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Negar","family":"Balmeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Development, Darou Giah Pars Avid Company, Science and Research Town, Isfahan, I.R. Iran"},{"name":"Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Nour Danesh Institution of Higher Education, Meymeh, I.R. Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najaf Allahyari","family":"Fard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, I.R. Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sedighe","family":"Saberi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afsaneh","family":"Yegdaneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran"},{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Mahmoud","family":"Mousavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Alimardan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, I.R. Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra Ghayour","family":"Najafabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Hossein","family":"Hejazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran"},{"name":"Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2022.155956","article-title":"Leishmania intercepts IFN-\u03b3R signaling at multiple levels in macrophages","volume":"157","author":"Gurjar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"issue":"4","key":"R2-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-5362.189314","article-title":"Antileishmanial activity of prenylated coumarins isolated from Ferulago angulata and Prangos asperula","volume":"11","author":"Sajjadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"R3-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.3390\/md21060333","article-title":"Laurequinone, a lead compound against Leishmania","volume":"21","author":"Garc\u00eda-Davis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mar Drugs"},{"issue":"6","key":"R4-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-5362.327508","article-title":"Artemether-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: preparation, characterization, and evaluation of in vitro effect on Leishmania major","volume":"16","author":"Rahnama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res Pharm Sci"},{"key":"R5-20260728","first-page":"490","article-title":"Effectiveness of red alga Asparagopsis taxiformis extracts against Leishmania infantum","volume":"10","author":"Vitale","year":"2015","journal-title":"Open Life Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"R6-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-5362.293512","article-title":"Synthesis and antileishmanial effect of a few cyclic and non-cyclic n-aryl enamino amide derivatives","volume":"15","author":"Mohammadi-Ghalehbin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"R7-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-2126(98)00104-X","article-title":"The crystal structure of the Leishmania major surface proteinase leishmanolysin (gp63)","volume":"6","author":"Schlagenhauf","year":"1998","journal-title":"Structure"},{"issue":"24","key":"R8-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14741","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c01584","article-title":"Homology modeling of leishmanolysin (gp63) from Leishmania panamensis and molecular docking of flavonoids","volume":"5","author":"Mercado-Camargo","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"R9-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2012.00072","article-title":"Impact of Leishmania metalloprotease GP63 on macrophage signaling","volume":"2","author":"Isnard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R10-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04019-z","article-title":"Insights about the structure of farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS) and the activity of bisphosphonates on the proliferation and ultrastructure of Leishmania and Giardia","volume":"13","author":"Gadelha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"11","key":"R11-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1007\/s00894-018-3838-x","article-title":"Pharmacophore modeling, docking and molecular dynamics to identify Leishmania major farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase inhibitors","volume":"24","author":"de Mattos Oliveira","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Mol Model"},{"issue":"7","key":"R12-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00034-06","article-title":"Farnesyl diphosphate synthase is a cytosolic enzyme in Leishmania major promastigotes and its overexpression confers resistance to risedronate","volume":"5","author":"Ortiz-G\u00f3mez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eukaryot Cell"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"R13-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1107\/S1399004713033221","article-title":"Structural and thermodynamic basis of the inhibition of Leishmania major farnesyl diphosphate synthase by nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates","volume":"70","author":"Aripirala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr"},{"issue":"4","key":"R14-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.12.032","article-title":"N-myristoyltransferase from Leishmania donovani: structural and functional characterisation of a potential drug target for visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"396","author":"Brannigan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"issue":"7289","key":"R15-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08893","article-title":"N-myristoyltransferase inhibitors as new leads to treat sleeping sickness","volume":"464","author":"Frearson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"8","key":"R16-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.11.8.1117","article-title":"Antifungals targeted to protein modification: focus on protein N-myristoyltransferase","volume":"11","author":"Georgopapadakou","year":"2002","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"R17-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182013000450","article-title":"N-Myristoyltransferase as a potential drug target in malaria and leishmaniasis","volume":"141","author":"Tate","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"R18-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2013.11.010","article-title":"New insights into molecular recognition of 1,1-bisphosphonic acids by farnesyl diphosphate synthase","volume":"22","author":"Ferrer-Casal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem"},{"issue":"178","key":"R19-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2021.102426","article-title":"Translating the diatom-grazer defense mechanism to antiparasitic treatment for monogenean infection in guppies","volume":"58","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Algal Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"R20-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s10822-009-9267-2","article-title":"Homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulation of N-myristoyltransferase from protozoan parasites: active site characterization and insights into rational inhibitor design","volume":"23","author":"Sheng","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Comput Aided Mol Des"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"R21-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1107\/S2052252514013001","article-title":"Diverse modes of binding in structures of Leishmania major N-myristoyltransferase with selective inhibitors","volume":"1","author":"Brannigan","year":"2014","journal-title":"IUCrJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"R22-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36242","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036242","article-title":"The genetic structure of Leishmania infantum populations in Brazil and its possible association with the transmission cycle of visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"7","author":"Ferreira","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"R23-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13010093","article-title":"Identification of potential Leishmania N-myristoyltransferase inhibitors from Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal: a molecular docking and molecular dynamics investigation","volume":"13","author":"Orabi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"issue":"32","key":"R24-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28561","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c03395","article-title":"Mitochondrial imbalance of Trypanosoma cruzi induced by the marine alkaloid 6-bromo-2\u2019-de-N-methylaplysinopsin","volume":"7","author":"Romanelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"3","key":"R25-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2013.09.013","article-title":"Antiparasitic effect of a fraction enriched in tight-binding protease inhibitors isolated from the Caribbean coral Plexaura homomalla","volume":"135","author":"Salas-Sarduy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"issue":"Pharmacognosy-Microbiology","key":"R26-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.21608\/rpbs.2021.90767.1111","article-title":"Cytotoxic and antileishmanial activities of the Red Sea soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum extract and some of its isolates","volume":"5","author":"El-Ayouty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Records of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"R27-20260728","first-page":"32","article-title":"Effect of hydroalcoholic extracts of flower and fruit peel of Punica granatum on Leishmania major promastigotes in vitro","volume":"6","author":"Mardani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Herb Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"R28-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2023.2200561","article-title":"Phytochemical profiling, antimicrobial, antibiofilm, insecticidal, and anti-leishmanial properties of aqueous extract from Juglans regia L. root bark: in vitro and in silico approaches","volume":"26","author":"Ellafi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Food Prop"},{"issue":"2","key":"R29-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-0979-3","article-title":"Antileishmanial activity in vitro and in vivo of constituents of sea cucumber Actinopyga lecanora","volume":"103","author":"Singh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"R30-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.3390\/md16080278","article-title":"Cembranoid-related metabolites and biological activities from the soft coral Sinularia flexibilis","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mar Drugs"},{"issue":"8","key":"R31-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020.2021.1979522","article-title":"Diterpenes and sterols from the Red Sea soft coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum and their cytotoxicity and anti-leishmanial activities","volume":"24","author":"Zidan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Asian Nat Prod Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"R32-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.21009","article-title":"Molecular dynamics simulation of Leishmania major surface metalloprotease GP63 (leishmanolysin)","volume":"64","author":"Bianchini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proteins"},{"issue":"1","key":"R33-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1021\/jm201091t","article-title":"Discovery of a novel class of orally active trypanocidal N-myristoyltransferase inhibitors","volume":"55","author":"Brand","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"R34-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.235","article-title":"The Protein Data Bank","volume":"28","author":"Berman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"R35-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3606","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-012-0375-5","article-title":"Benzimidazole derivatives: synthesis, leishmanicidal effectiveness, and molecular docking studies","volume":"22","author":"Shaukat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Chem Res"},{"issue":"24","key":"R36-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7593","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26247593","article-title":"Microalgae as a potential functional ingredient: evaluation of the phytochemical profile, antioxidant activity and in-vitro enzymatic inhibitory effect of different species","volume":"26","author":"Vieira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"4","key":"R37-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.2003.tb09615.x","article-title":"Biomass nutrient profiles of three microalgae: Spirulina platensis, Chlorella vulgaris, and Isochrisis galbana","volume":"68","author":"Toku\u015foglu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Food Sci"},{"key":"R38-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2018.06.024","article-title":"Non-catalytic fast pyrolysis and catalytic fast pyrolysis of Nannochloropsis oculata using Co-Mo\/\u03b3-Al2O3 catalyst for valuable chemicals","volume":"34","author":"Gautam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Algal Res"},{"issue":"14","key":"R39-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3310","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25143310","article-title":"Advanced extraction of lipids with DHA from Isochrysis galbana with enzymatic pre-treatment combined with pressurized liquids and ultrasound assisted extractions","volume":"25","author":"Se\u00f1or\u00e1ns","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"3","key":"R40-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.3390\/md21030160","article-title":"Potential activity of Arthrospira platensis as antioxidant, cytotoxic and antifungal against some skin diseases: topical cream application","volume":"21","author":"Gheda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mar Drugs"},{"issue":"15","key":"R41-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2810","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24152810","article-title":"Impact of different storage methods on bioactive compounds in Arthrospira platensis biomass","volume":"24","author":"Papalia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"D1","key":"R42-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1202","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv951","article-title":"PubChem Substance and Compound databases","volume":"44","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"13","key":"R43-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.20084","article-title":"UCSF Chimera-a visualization system for exploratory research and analysis","volume":"25","author":"Pettersen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Comput Chem"},{"key":"R44-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1007\/s11172-019-2683-0","article-title":"Computer-aided prediction of biological activity spectra for organic compounds: the possibilities and limitations","volume":"68","author":"Poroikov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Russ Chem Bull"},{"key":"R45-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2013.00038","article-title":"lazar: a modular predictive toxicology framework","volume":"4","author":"Maunz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"R46-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42717","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42717","article-title":"SwissADME: a free web tool to evaluate pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness and medicinal chemistry friendliness of small molecules","volume":"7","author":"Daina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"R47-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-5362.359431","article-title":"Identification of new small molecules as dual FoxM1 and Hsp70 inhibitors using computational methods","volume":"17","author":"Alimardan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"R48-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6281","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jctc.1c00645","article-title":"gmx_MMPBSA: a new tool to perform end-state free energy calculations with GROMACS","volume":"17","author":"Vald\u00e9s-Tresanco","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Chem Theory Comput"},{"issue":"7","key":"R49-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005774","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005774","article-title":"Arginase activity in pathogenic and non-pathogenic species of Leishmania parasites","volume":"11","author":"Badirzadeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"R50-20260728","first-page":"e66527","article-title":"Herbal drugs with promising anti-leishmanial activity: new hope for leishmaniasis treatment","volume":"3","author":"Heidari-Kharaji","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Skin Stem Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"R51-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e249","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000249","article-title":"Tamoxifen is effective in the treatment of Leishmania amazonensis infections in mice","volume":"2","author":"Miguel","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"R52-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905639","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/905639","article-title":"Evaluation of the in vitro antiplasmodial, antileishmanial, and antitrypanosomal activity of medicinal plants used in Saudi and Yemeni traditional medicine","volume":"2014","author":"Mothana","year":"2014","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"R54-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25051038","article-title":"Free radical mediated oxidative degradation of carotenes and xanthophylls","volume":"25","author":"Mordi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"R55-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110178","article-title":"Microalgae extracts: potential anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents?","volume":"127","author":"Veas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"R56-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891495","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.891495","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of photosynthetic microorganisms for visceral leishmaniasis: an immunological analysis","volume":"13","author":"Vaitkevicius-Ant\u00e4o","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"R57-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3531","DOI":"10.3390\/md13063531","article-title":"Biological activities and chemical composition of methanolic extracts of selected autochthonous microalgae strains from the Red Sea","volume":"13","author":"Pereira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar Drugs"},{"issue":"6","key":"R58-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(13)60096-9","article-title":"Cyanobacteria, Lyngbya aestuarii and Aphanothece bullosa as antifungal and antileishmanial drug resources","volume":"3","author":"Kumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Biomed"},{"key":"R59-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3897\/zookeys.581.7455","article-title":"Sinularia polydactyla (Ehrenberg, 1834) (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) re-examined, with the description of a new species","volume":"581","author":"van Ofwegen","year":"2016","journal-title":"ZooKeys"},{"issue":"18","key":"R60-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2012.742082","article-title":"Anti-H5N1 virus new diglyceride ester from the Red Sea grass Thallasodendron ciliatum","volume":"27","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Prod Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"R61-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.3390\/md18120632","article-title":"Bioactive steroids from the Red Sea soft coral Sinularia polydactyla","volume":"18","author":"Tammam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mar Drugs"},{"issue":"11","key":"R62-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.3390\/md21110574","article-title":"Metabolic profiling, antiviral activity and the microbiome of some mauritian soft corals","volume":"21","author":"Jahajeeah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mar Drugs"},{"issue":"44","key":"R63-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2010.08.027","article-title":"A novel symmetric sulfur-containing biscembranoid from the Formosan soft coral Sinularia flexibilis","volume":"51","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett"},{"key":"R64-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2018.05.009","article-title":"Two new cytotoxic steroids from the Chinese soft coral Sinularia sp","volume":"136","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"issue":"9","key":"R65-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.3390\/md19090523","article-title":"Isolation of sesquiterpenoids and steroids from the soft coral Sinularia brassica and determination of their absolute configuration","volume":"19","author":"Pham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mar Drugs"},{"key":"R66-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2020.108598","article-title":"Sinulasterols A-C, three new bioactive oxygenated steroids from the South China Sea soft coral Sinularia depressa","volume":"157","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"R67-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2014.05.016","article-title":"Three new cembranoid-type diterpenes from Red Sea soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum: isolation and antiproliferative activity against HepG2 cells","volume":"81","author":"Al-Lihaibi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"R68-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.20884\/1.oa.2018.14.1.375","article-title":"Soft coral (Sinularia sp.) extracts with antibacterial activity","volume":"14","author":"Tanod","year":"2018","journal-title":"Omni-Akuatika"},{"issue":"1","key":"R69-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-015-0613-1","article-title":"Diversity and antimicrobial potential of bacterial isolates associated with the soft coral Alcyonium digitatum from the Baltic Sea","volume":"109","author":"Pham","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek"},{"issue":"4","key":"R70-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.4.1352-1364.2006","article-title":"Antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial activities of flavonoids and their analogues: in vitro, in vivo, structure-activity relationship, and quantitative structure-activity relationship studies","volume":"50","author":"Tasdemir","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"R71-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.21608\/jabps.2021.62964.1120","article-title":"Cytotoxicity and anti-leishmanial activity of the Red Sea soft coral Sarcophyton spongiosum","volume":"4","author":"Fouad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"R72-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4317","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms14024317","article-title":"Oxygenated cembranoids from the soft coral Sinularia flexibilis","volume":"14","author":"Su","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R73-20260728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2024.08.114","article-title":"Research status and prospects for bioactive compounds of Chlorella species: composition, extraction, production, and biosynthesis pathways","volume":"191","author":"Fang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Process Saf Environ Prot"}],"container-title":["Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.4103\/RPS.RPS_223_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T04:02:52Z","timestamp":1785211372000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.4103\/RPS.RPS_223_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/rps.rps_223_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["1735-5362","1735-9414"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1735-5362","type":"print"},{"value":"1735-9414","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-26","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-08","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}