{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:36:09Z","timestamp":1787070969434,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Alliums are rich sources of steroidal saponins, flavonoids, and sulphoric compounds of which steroidal saponins have recently received more attention due to their important pharmacological activities.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Allium giganteum<\/jats:italic>\n                      (giant onion) which is named locally \u201cCouria\u201d in the Northeast of Iran, is grown widely in \u201cKouh-Sorkh\u201d mountains in Khorasan province.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Experimental approach:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Phytochemical investigation of chloroform-methanol and aqueous extract of the plant resulted in the isolation and identification of two steroidal saponins, using comprehensive spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR and MS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings\/Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The chemical structures of the isolated saponins were determined as (22S)-cholesta-1b,3b,16b,22b-tetraol 5-en, and 3-O-\u03b2-D-glucopyranosyl26-O-\u03b2-D-glucopyranosside and (25R)-26-O-\u03b2-D-glucopyranosyl-5\u03b1-furostan-1\u03b1,3\u03b2,22\u03b1,26-tetraol3-O-{\u03b2-D-galactopyranosyl-(1\u21922)-O-[\u03b2-D-xylopyranosyl- (1\u21923)]-O-\u03b2-D-glucopyranosyl-(1\u21924)-\u03b2-D-galactopyranoside}. Investigation of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      antileishmanial activity of the isolated compounds at 10, 50, and 100 \u03bcg\/mL exhibited significant leishmanicidal against the promastigotes of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leishmania major<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and implications:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results established a valuable basis for further studies about\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. giganteum<\/jats:italic>\n                      and the anti-parasitic activity of steroidal saponins.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/rps.rps_71_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T01:09:13Z","timestamp":1719882553000},"page":"347-355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Isolation of two steroidal saponins with antileishmanial activity from Allium giganteum L."],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Farnaz","family":"Chaparian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeinab","family":"Delazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoud Sadeghi","family":"Dinani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240909","first-page":"40","article-title":"Trease and Evans' pharmacognosy E-book","author":"Evans","year":"2009","journal-title":"Elsevier Health Sciences"},{"key":"R2-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.4103\/abr.abr_34_17","article-title":"Isolation of cinnamic acid derivatives from the bulbs of Allium tripedale","volume":"7","author":"Chehri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Biomed Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"R3-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-1051.2009.00319.x","article-title":"Pollen morphology of selected species of Allium (Alliaceae) distributed in Iran","volume":"27","author":"Hosseinzadeh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nord J Bot"},{"issue":"1","key":"R4-20240909","first-page":"1","article-title":"Scape anatomy of Allium sect. 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