{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T12:28:32Z","timestamp":1787228912805,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Procedural sedation during ovum pickup (OPU) is often associated with transient hypoxemia and airway interventions. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy may improve oxygenation during sedated procedures, but evidence in assisted reproductive techniques remains limited. This study compares HFNC with conventional low-flow oxygen (CFO) in maintaining oxygenation during OPU.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n In this randomized controlled trial, 220 women undergoing OPU under propofol sedation were allocated to either CFO (Group C;\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 110) or HFNC (Group H;\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 110). The outcomes assessed included desaturation events, hemodynamic parameters, depth of sedation, airway interventions, and adverse events.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Hemodynamic and respiratory parameters remained stable and comparable between groups throughout the procedure and recovery. Desaturation events were more frequent in Group C (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.161), and the need for rescue escalation of oxygen therapy was significantly higher in this group compared with the group H (13.6% vs. 5.5%;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.03). Total Propofol consumption, procedure duration, recovery time, and adverse events were similar, with high patient and physician satisfaction in both groups.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n HFNC provides a safe and effective alternative to CFO therapy during procedural sedation for OPU, significantly reducing the need for oxygen escalation without affecting hemodynamic stability, sedation depth, or recovery. Its routine use may enhance respiratory safety in sedated reproductive procedures.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.sja_180_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T05:00:27Z","timestamp":1782968427000},"page":"545-549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative efficacy of high-flow nasal cannula versus conventional oxygen delivery during procedural sedation for ovum pickup in assisted reproductive technology"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Vishal","family":"Mohan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Army Hospital (R and R), New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhavna","family":"Hooda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Army Hospital (R and R), New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shalendra","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Field Hospital, Siliguri, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepak","family":"Dwivedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Army Hospital (R and R), New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josemine","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Army Hospital (R and R), New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2016.05.040","article-title":"Influence of transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicular punctures in the mare on heart rate, respiratory rate, facial expression changes, and salivary cortisol as pain scoring","volume":"86","author":"Diego","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"R2-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.5152\/TJAR.2019.53806","article-title":"Clinical analysis of propofol, etomidate and an admixture of etomidate and propofol for induction of general anaesthesia","volume":"47","author":"Rathore","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim"},{"key":"R3-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.4103\/2221-6189.347775","article-title":"Efficacy of propofol versus ketamine in modified electroconvulsive therapy: A prospective randomized control trial","volume":"11","author":"Guha","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Acute Dis"},{"key":"R4-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e108","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.0204-2019","article-title":"Oxygen devices and delivery systems","volume":"15","author":"Hardavella","year":"2019","journal-title":"Breathe (Sheff)"},{"key":"R5-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.4103\/TheIAForum.TheIAForum_148_20","article-title":"Modified oxygen supply delivery system from a single source to two patients: A novel yet effective technique","volume":"22","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian Anaesth Forum"},{"key":"R6-20260820","first-page":"e66264","article-title":"A comprehensive review on high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in critical care: Evidence-based insights and future directions","volume":"16","author":"Petkar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R7-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949614","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.949614","article-title":"High flow nasal cannula for patients undergoing bronchoscopy and gastrointestinal endoscopy: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Tao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"key":"R8-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15845","article-title":"Effect of high-flow nasal oxygen on hypoxaemia during procedural sedation: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"78","author":"Thiruvenkatarajan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"R9-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjae.2024.04.002","article-title":"Anaesthesia for assisted reproductive technologies","volume":"24","author":"Ellis","year":"2024","journal-title":"BJA Educ"},{"key":"R10-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101574","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01574-2021","article-title":"ERS clinical practice guidelines: High-flow nasal cannula in acute respiratory failure","volume":"59","author":"Oczkowski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R11-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06312-y","article-title":"The role for high flow nasal cannula as a respiratory support strategy in adults: A clinical practice guideline","volume":"46","author":"Rochwerg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"R12-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s13741-021-00212-5","article-title":"High-flow nasal oxygenation reduces the risk of desaturation in adults receiving procedural sedation: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Perioper Med (Lond)"},{"key":"R13-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.4103\/joacp.JOACP_371_20","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of efficacy of oxygenation using high flow nasal cannula vs. conventional nasal cannula during procedural sedation for endoscopic ultrasound: A pilot study","volume":"37","author":"Shukla","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"R14-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-022-00661-8","article-title":"The effectiveness of high-flow nasal cannula during sedated digestive endoscopy: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"R15-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-024-07386-8","article-title":"High-flow nasal cannula: Evolving practices and novel clinical and physiological insights","volume":"50","author":"Roca","year":"2024","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"}],"container-title":["Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/sja.sja_180_26","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T12:01:31Z","timestamp":1787227291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/sja.sja_180_26"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/sja.sja_180_26","relation":{},"ISSN":["1658-354X","0975-3125"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1658-354X","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-3125","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-07","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-11","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}