{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:42:44Z","timestamp":1787071364985,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data reflecting cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) efforts in Saudi Arabia are limited. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics, and estimated the outcome, of in-hospital CPR in a teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia over 4 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective, observational study was conducted between January 2009 and December 2012 and included 4361 patients with sudden cardiopulmonary arrest. Resuscitation forms were reviewed. Demographic data, resuscitation characteristics, and survival outcomes were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean \u00b1 standard deviation age of arrested patient was 40 \u00b1 31 years. The immediate survival rate was 64%, 43% at 24 h, and 30% at discharge. The death rate was 70%. Respiratory type of arrest, time and place of arrest, short duration of arrest, witnessed arrest, the use of epinephrine and atropine boluses, and shockable arrhythmias were associated with higher 24-h survival rates. A low survival rate was found among patients with cardiac types of arrest, and those with a longer duration of arrest, pulseless electrical activity, and asystole. Comorbidities were present in 3786 patients with cardiac arrest and contributed to a poor survival rate (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study confirms the findings of previously published studies in highly developed countries and provides some reflection on the practice of resuscitation in Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.sja_255_17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,22]],"date-time":"2017-09-22T08:53:55Z","timestamp":1506070435000},"page":"415-420","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["An audit of in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia: A retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Abdullah Mohammed","family":"Kaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamal Waheeb","family":"Alghalayini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Nabil","family":"Alama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adnan Abdullah","family":"Almazroaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah Al Munawarah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norah Abdullah A.","family":"Khathlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Sembawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beena M.","family":"Ouseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.20.1.6","article-title":"Resuscitation Predictor Scoring Scale for inhospital cardiac arrests","volume":"20","author":"Cooper","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"R2-20250926","first-page":"91","article-title":"In-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A 30-year review","volume":"6","author":"Schneider","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Board Fam Pract"},{"key":"R3-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(87)80420-1","article-title":"In-house cardiopulmonary resuscitation \u2013 After a quarter of a century","volume":"16","author":"McGrath","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"R4-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02600069","article-title":"Predicting survival from in-hospital CPR: Meta-analysis and validation of a prediction model","volume":"8","author":"Cohn","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"R5-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)80263-X","article-title":"In-hospital cardiac arrest","volume":"22","author":"Jastremski","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"R6-20250926","first-page":"55","article-title":"Outcomes of resuscitative efforts at Wild Rose Hospital","volume":"93","author":"Fifield","year":"1994","journal-title":"Wis Med J"},{"key":"R7-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.105.4.991","article-title":"Postdischarge survival and functional status following in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation","volume":"105","author":"Robinson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R8-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1993.00410110070011","article-title":"Results of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Failure to predict survival in two community hospitals","volume":"153","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R9-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3385","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000147236.85306.15","article-title":"Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation outcome reports: Update and simplification of the Utstein templates for resuscitation registries: A statement for healthcare professionals from a task force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (American Heart Association, European Resuscitation Council, Australian Resuscitation Council, New Zealand Resuscitation Council, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, InterAmerican Heart Foundation, Resuscitation Councils of Southern Africa)","volume":"110","author":"Jacobs","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R10-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(97)70228-2","article-title":"Effect of advanced cardiac life support training on resuscitation efforts and survival in a rural hospital","volume":"29","author":"Camp","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"R11-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1067\/mjh.2002.125498","article-title":"Trends in hospital treatment of ventricular arrhythmias among Medicare beneficiaries, 1985 to 1995","volume":"144","author":"McDonald","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"R12-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199910000-00010","article-title":"Resuscitation in the hospital: Differential relationships between age and survival across rhythms","volume":"27","author":"Parish","year":"1999","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R13-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1997.00440220076010","article-title":"Functional status among survivors of in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. SUPPORT Investigators Study to Understand Progress and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatment","volume":"157","author":"FitzGerald","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R14-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.106.2.524","article-title":"Quality of life after cardiopulmonary resuscitation","volume":"106","author":"Miranda","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R15-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1994.tb04940.x","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in elderly patients hospitalized in the 1990s: A favorable outcome","volume":"42","author":"Tresch","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"R16-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9572(03)00215-6","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary resuscitation of adults in the hospital: A report of 14720 cardiac arrests from the National Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation","volume":"58","author":"Peberdy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"R17-20250926","first-page":"343","article-title":"Predictors of survival following in-hospital adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation","volume":"167","author":"Brindley","year":"2002","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"R18-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9572(97)00020-8","article-title":"Predicting survival, in-hospital cardiac arrests: Resuscitation survival variables and training effectiveness","volume":"35","author":"Cooper","year":"1997","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"R19-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.97.2.413","article-title":"Early predictors of mortality for hospitalized patients suffering cardiopulmonary arrest","volume":"97","author":"Roberts","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R20-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(89)80479-6","article-title":"Pre-arrest morbidity and other correlates of survival after in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest","volume":"87","author":"George","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"R21-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.6.1170","article-title":"Sex difference in cardiac arrest survivors","volume":"93","author":"Albert","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R22-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.304.6838.1347","article-title":"Survey of 3765 cardiopulmonary resuscitations in British hospitals (the BRESUS Study): Methods and overall results","volume":"304","author":"Tunstall-Pedoe","year":"1992","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R23-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2005.06.012","article-title":"A decade of in-hospital resuscitation: Outcomes and prediction of survival?","volume":"68","author":"Cooper","year":"2006","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"R24-20250926","first-page":"618","article-title":"Factors predicting outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a developing country: The Siriraj cardiopulmonary resuscitation registry","volume":"92","author":"Krittayaphong","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"R25-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0000000000000290","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the hospitalized patient: Impact of system-based variables on outcomes in cardiac arrest","volume":"348","author":"Kantamineni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"R26-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.02448","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of witnessed and monitored cases of in-hospital cardiac arrest in the general ward of a university hospital in Korea","volume":"58","author":"Chon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"R27-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2006.06.039","article-title":"Advanced cardiac life support training improves long-term survival from in-hospital cardiac arrest","volume":"72","author":"Moretti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"R28-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(94)70009-5","article-title":"The efficacy of an ACLS training program for resuscitation from cardiac arrest in a rural community","volume":"23","author":"Sanders","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"R29-20250926","first-page":"2","article-title":"Improving the outcomes of CPR: A report of a reform in the organization of emergency response","volume":"4","author":"Borimnejad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Internet J Emerg Med"},{"key":"R30-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-5229.92070","article-title":"Impact of advanced cardiac life support training program on the outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a tertiary care hospital","volume":"15","author":"Sodhi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R31-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1590\/0104-1169.3453.2452","article-title":"Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Determinant factors for immediate survival after cardiopulmonary resuscitation","volume":"22","author":"Morais","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev Lat Am Enfermagem"},{"key":"R32-20250926","first-page":"491","article-title":"Effects of training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation on competence and patient outcome","volume":"137","author":"Curry","year":"1987","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"R33-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2009.10.021","article-title":"Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest frequency and survival: Evidence for temporal variability","volume":"81","author":"Brooks","year":"2010","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"R34-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2010.06.018","article-title":"Circadian, weekly, and seasonal mortality variations in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Japan: Analysis from AMI-Kyoto Multicenter Risk Study database","volume":"29","author":"Nakanishi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"R35-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9572(01)00485-3","article-title":"Characteristics and outcome among patients suffering from in hospital cardiac arrest in relation to the interval between collapse and start of CPR","volume":"53","author":"Herlitz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"R36-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9572(01)00332-X","article-title":"Avoiding the futility of resuscitation","volume":"50","author":"Khalafi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"R37-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001484","article-title":"Incidence and outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in PICUs","volume":"44","author":"Berg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R38-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.125625","article-title":"Duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and illness category impact survival and neurologic outcomes for in-hospital pediatric cardiac arrests","volume":"127","author":"Matos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R39-20250926","first-page":"1726","article-title":"Prognostic factors for survival outcome after in-hospital cardiac arrest: An observational study of the oriental population in Taiwan","volume":"S1","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Chin Med Assoc"},{"key":"R40-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.5847\/wjem.j.issn.1920-8642.2013.03.005","article-title":"Factors influencing outcomes after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in emergency department","volume":"4","author":"Xue","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Emerg Med"},{"key":"R41-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2011.06.029","article-title":"Effect of adrenaline on survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"82","author":"Jacobs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"R42-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.294","article-title":"Prehospital epinephrine use and survival among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest","volume":"307","author":"Hagihara","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"16 Suppl 2","key":"R43-20250926","first-page":"S345","article-title":"Part 8: Advanced life support: 2010 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations","volume":"122","author":"Morrison","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R44-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2011.02208.x","article-title":"Basic and advanced paediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation-Guidelines of the Australian and New Zealand Resuscitation Councils 2010","volume":"48","author":"Tibballs","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"R45-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-111-3-199","article-title":"Outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the elderly","volume":"111","author":"Murphy","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01437113-201711040-00007","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:44:58Z","timestamp":1787067898000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01437113-201711040-00007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/sja.sja_255_17","relation":{},"ISSN":["1658-354X","0975-3125"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1658-354X","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-3125","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]}}}