{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:42:47Z","timestamp":1787071367787,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Management of pregnant women with heart disease remains challenging due to the advancement of innovations in cardiac surgery and correction of complex cardiac anomalies, and more recently, with the successful performance of heart transplants, cardiac diseases are not only likely to coexist with pregnancy, but will also increase in frequency over the years to come. In developing countries with a higher prevalence of rheumatic fever, cardiac disease may complicate as many as 5.9% of pregnancies with a high incidence of maternal death. Since many of these deaths occur during or immediately following parturition, heart disease is of special importance to the anesthesiologist. This importance arises from the fact that drugs used for preventing or relieving pain during labor and delivery exert a major influence \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 on the prognosis of the mother and newborn. Properly administered anesthesia and analgesia can contribute to the reduction of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.sja_277_17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,22]],"date-time":"2017-09-22T08:53:55Z","timestamp":1506070435000},"page":"454-471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Anesthesia in pregnancy with heart disease"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ankur","family":"Luthra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Nehru Hospital, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ritika","family":"Bajaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jindal IVF and Sant Memorial Nursing Home, Sector 20, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anudeep","family":"Jafra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Nehru Hospital, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiran","family":"Jangra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Nehru Hospital, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"VK","family":"Arya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199707033370107","article-title":"Valvular heart disease","volume":"337","author":"Carabello","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R2-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(91)90583-U","article-title":"Pregnancy and congenital heart disease","volume":"18","author":"Perloff","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"R3-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8545(05)70214-X","article-title":"Cardiac disease and pregnancy","volume":"28","author":"Gei","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am"},{"key":"R4-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.3.749","article-title":"Pregnancy after heart transplant: Update and case report","volume":"13","author":"Morini","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"R5-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-197509000-00014","article-title":"Peripartal heart disease","volume":"18","author":"Goodwin","year":"1975","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R7-20250926","first-page":"644","article-title":"AHA Medical\/Scientific Statement. 1994 revisions to classification of functional capacity and objective assessment of patients with diseases of the heart","volume":"90","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R9-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-198903000-00007","article-title":"Congenital heart disease","volume":"32","author":"Ramin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R11-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-196507000-00003","article-title":"Respiratory and acid-base changes during pregnancy","volume":"26","author":"Prowse","year":"1965","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"R12-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-196507000-00004","article-title":"Changes in the blood volume during pregnancy and delivery","volume":"26","author":"Pritchard","year":"1965","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"R13-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1967.tb03956.x","article-title":"A study of cardiac output at rest throughout pregnancy","volume":"74","author":"Lees","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw"},{"key":"R14-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(69)90637-1","article-title":"Maternal cardiovascular dynamics. 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