{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:38:29Z","timestamp":1787071109695,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review was undertaken to compare the benefits of intranasal dexmedetomidine (IND) versus oral chloral hydrate (OCH) in the pediatric age group undergoing procedural sedation analgesia (PSA). Randomized clinical trials (RCT) of the various studies done over the years were taken up and analyzed. Since IND has the additional advantages of a faster onset of action, greater success with a single bolus dose, and enhanced recovery, this systematic review was conducted to prove the superiority of IND over OCH in pediatric PSA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the efficacy of IND versus OCH for PSA in pediatric patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Search Strategy:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched the electronic databases from August 2012 to September 2019 without language restrictions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design and Selection Criteria:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A review of 10 RCTs on the use of IND and OCH for PSA in the pediatric age group for a variety of diagnostic procedures was done and the superiority of IND as per the sedation time and adverse effects were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of the RCTs considered, six trials were a direct comparison between OCH and IND which showed that IND had a faster onset of action, improved recovery characteristics with better return to baseline physical activity on the same day of the procedure. When compared to OCH, IND showed no evidence of second-dose requirement and no record of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review revealed that IND is superior to OCH for PSA in the pediatric age group and proved to be safe and effective with better recovery characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.sja_489_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]],"date-time":"2022-01-04T11:41:25Z","timestamp":1641296485000},"page":"82-85","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Is intranasal dexmedetomidine superior to oral chloral hydrate for procedural sedation in children: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mohamed B.","family":"Delvi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, KSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000134810.60270.E8","article-title":"Review of paediatric sedation","volume":"99","author":"Cravero","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R2-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2780","article-title":"Guidelines for monitoring and management of pediatric patients during and after sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures: An update","volume":"118","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R3-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2011.12.025","article-title":"Psychological and behavioral 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children","volume":"153","author":"Stephen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Otolaryngology\u2013 Head and Neck Surgery"},{"key":"R7-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12819","article-title":"Comparison of dexmedetomidine and chloral hydrate sedation for transthoracic echocardiography in infants and toddlers: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"26","author":"Miller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"R8-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12854","article-title":"A prospective, randomized, double-blind trial of intranasal dexmedetomidine and oral chloral hydrate for sedated auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing","volume":"26","author":"Reynolds","year":"2016","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"R9-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.04.036","article-title":"Rescue sedation with intranasal dexmedetomidine for pediatric ophthalmic examination after chloral hydrate failure: A randomized, controlled trial","volume":"38","author":"Gan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"R11-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13981","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial of oral chloral hydrate vs.intranasal dexmedetomidine before computerised tomography in children","volume":"72","author":"Yuen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"R12-20250925","first-page":"4","article-title":"Intranasal dexmedetomidine as a sedative for pediatric procedural sedation","volume":"22","author":"Behrle","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R13-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.14301","article-title":"Comparison of chloral hydrate and pentobarbital sedation for pediatric echocardiography","volume":"36","author":"Ganigara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"R14-20250925","first-page":"27","article-title":"Oral chloral hydrate versus intranasal dexmedetomidine for sedation of children undergoing computed tomography: A multicentre study","volume":"25","author":"Yuen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.4103\/sja.sja_523_26","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000}}],"container-title":["Saudi Journal of 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