{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T05:49:15Z","timestamp":1792648155829,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Elderly patients undergoing surgery are at higher risk of life-altering and costly complications. This challenge is increasingly recognized with the growing geriatric surgical population. Advanced age and comorbid conditions, such as disability and frailty that often develop with age, are all independent risk factors of postoperative morbidity and mortality. A common factor in this age group is cognitive impairment, which poses a challenge for the patient and clinician in the perioperative setting. It affects the capacity for informed consent and limits optimization before surgery; furthermore, an existing impairment may progress in severity during the perioperative period, and new onset of signs of delirium or postoperative cognitive dysfunction may arise during postoperative recovery. In this article, we aim to review the current literature examining the latest definitions, diagnostic criteria, and preventive strategies that may ameliorate postoperative cognitive complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.sja_529_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T03:50:18Z","timestamp":1692244218000},"page":"550-556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Postoperative cognitive recovery and prevention of postoperative cognitive complications in the elderly patient"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Hisham A.","family":"Almuzayyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Fahad Hospital of University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tumul","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Toronto Western Hospital, Clinical Investigator, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulkareem S.","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.1405.1199","article-title":"Insanity following the use of anaesthetics in operations","volume":"2","author":"Savage","year":"1887","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R3-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2000.441010.x","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction 1\u20132 years after non-cardiac surgery in the elderly","volume":"44","author":"Abildstrom","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"R4-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2003.51406.x","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in hip fracture patients:Timing of detection and longitudinal follow-up","volume":"51","author":"Gruber-Baldini","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"R5-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318195b569","article-title":"ISPOCD Group. 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