{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:32:31Z","timestamp":1787761951603,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and satisfaction for the use of adjuvant; magnesium sulfate (MgSO\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) in sub-Tenon anesthesia for cataract surgery.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This single centered randomized, double blind trial was held in 2021 after approval of ethical committee at the Eye Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Cataract patients to be operated using local anesthesia were randomly assigned to two groups; Group magnesium sulfate (MS) received 50 mg\/0.5 ml of magnesium sulfate and Group normal saline (NS) received 0.5 ml of normal saline added to the standard mixture, respectively. Absence of eyelid dropping and akinesia of the globe at different time after anesthesia were considered as ineffective anesthesia. The age and sex-adjusted generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis was carried out. Complications, patient's and surgeon's satisfaction were also compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Each group had 100 cataract patients. Effectiveness of block was not significantly different in two groups (adjusted odds ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62, 1.31;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.594). The likelihood of \u201cno eye-opening\u201d significantly increased with time (adjusted odds ratio, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.18\u20131.34;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Subconjunctival bleeding was significantly higher in the MS versus NS Group (36 of 98 [36.7%] vs. 11 of 102 [10.8%],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Chemosis was not significantly different between the groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.95). Patient's satisfaction score was very good (9\/10) but slightly higher in NS group than MS (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001) while surgeon's satisfaction score was similar in both groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.149).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Although safe, adding 50 mg of magnesium sulfate did not improve the effect of sub-Tenon anesthesia for cataract surgery. Risk of subconjunctival bleeding was higher in cataract patients operated using MgSO\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      compared to those managed with the conventional sub-Tenon anesthetic.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.sja_532_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T22:42:22Z","timestamp":1678401742000},"page":"174-181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of magnesium sulfate as an adjuvant in sub-Tenon anesthesia for cataract surgery"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Abdul","family":"Zahoor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Font","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan 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