{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:40:23Z","timestamp":1787071223486,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anxiety is a feeling of discomfort that often involves emotions such as worry and fear. This feeling tends to intensify when someone is facing surgery. Preoperative anxiety (POA) is a common psychological condition among patients preparing for surgery, which can lead to adverse postoperative outcomes, including increased pain, delayed recovery, and a higher risk of infection. Despite its significant clinical impact, research on POA in Saudi Arabia, particularly in the Western region, is limited. This study aims to assess the incidence of POA and identify its risk factors among surgical patients at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This single-center cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 at KAUH in the Department of Surgery, a tertiary care center. The study included 70 adult inpatients scheduled for surgery under anesthesia. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering demographic characteristics, medical history, surgical experiences, and fears of pain or complications. A validated tool, the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS), was used to assess anxiety levels. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, applying Chi-square tests, Spearman\u2019s correlation, and logistic regression to determine significant predictors of preoperative anxiety (POA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the 70 participants, 77.1% were female, with a mean age of 35\u201344. The incidence of preoperative anxiety (POA) was 41.4%. Female gender was significantly associated with higher anxiety levels (89.7% vs. 10.3% in males,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.036). Other significant risk factors included fear of postoperative pain (62.1% vs. 31.7%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01) and fear of surgical complications (58.6% vs. 39.3%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.041). No significant association was found between POA and factors such as chronic disease, previous surgical history, or ASA classification.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>POA affects 41.4% of patients, especially females and those worried about pain and complications. This highlights the need for psychological assessments and clear patient education before surgery. Interventions like counseling and straightforward discussions about pain management can help reduce anxiety and improve surgical outcomes. Future research should focus on long-term studies to investigate these connections further.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.sja_617_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T07:00:26Z","timestamp":1775199626000},"page":"380-388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Incidence and risk factors of preoperative anxiety among surgical patients in King Abdulaziz University Hospital"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Ghader","family":"Jamjoum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Gastrointestinal Oncology Unit, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Gastrointestinal Oncology Unit, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alwaleed Hesham","family":"Kaneetah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahad Mesfer","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulelah Abdulsalam M.","family":"Albatati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz Othman M.","family":"Alnahdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fawaz Saleh B.","family":"Almuntashiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah Mahmoud Masoud","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amani Hussain","family":"Alhebaishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashraf","family":"Maghrabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20260421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.12816\/0041537","article-title":"Assessment of preoperative anxiety among patients undergoing elective surgery","volume":"69","author":"Almalki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Egy J Hosp Med"},{"key":"R3-20260421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-022-06908-3","article-title":"The effectiveness of using virtual reality technology for perioperative anxiety among adults undergoing elective surgery: A randomised controlled trial protocol","volume":"23","author":"Asiri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"R4-20260421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02552-w","article-title":"Preoperative anxiety in adults - a cross-sectional study on specific fears and risk factors","volume":"20","author":"Eberhart","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"R5-20260421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1017\/9781911623038.010","article-title":"Anxiety","author":"Arroll","year":"2018","journal-title":"Primary Care Mental Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R8-20260421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2008.12.019","article-title":"Psychological aspects in day-case surgery","volume":"6","author":"Bellani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"R10-20260421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727250","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.727250","article-title":"Preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain in patients with laparoscopic hysterectomy","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"R11-20260421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-7749.100721","article-title":"Effects of the preoperative anxiety and depression on the postoperative pain in ear, nose and throat surgery","volume":"18","author":"Elif","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Otol"},{"key":"R13-20260421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2018.05.012","article-title":"A cross-sectional study on preoperative anxiety in adults","volume":"111","author":"Aust","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"R14-20260421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.4103\/jispcd.JISPCD_19_17","article-title":"Prevalence of dental anxiety among dental patients in Saudi Arabia","volume":"7","author":"Fayad","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Int Soc Prev Community Dent"},{"key":"R15-20260421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.136320.1","article-title":"Prevalence of pre-operative anxiety and associated risk factors among patients awaiting elective surgery in a tertiary care hospital","volume":"12","author":"Adhikari","year":"2023","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"R16-20260421","first-page":"445","article-title":"The Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS)","volume":"82","author":"Moerman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R17-20260421","first-page":"Doc01","article-title":"The Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) - the first trial of a German version","volume":"4","author":"Berth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychosoc Med"},{"key":"R18-20260421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-017-0695-8","article-title":"Validation of the Spanish version of the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS)","volume":"15","author":"Vergara-Romero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"R19-20260421","first-page":"e28004","article-title":"Arabic validation of the amsterdam preoperative anxiety and information scale","volume":"14","author":"ALMesned","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R20-20260421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20503121231211648","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121231211648","article-title":"Preoperative anxiety and associated factors among adult surgical patients in public hospitals, eastern Ethiopia","volume":"11","author":"Kefelegn","year":"2023","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med"},{"key":"R21-20260421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5999","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S369921","article-title":"Magnitude of preoperative anxiety and associated factors among adult surgical patients in debre berhan comprehensive specialized hospital","volume":"15","author":"Shewangzaw Engda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"R22-20260421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912743","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.912743","article-title":"The overlooked problem among surgical patients: Preoperative anxiety at Ethiopian University Hospital","volume":"9","author":"Woldegerima Berhe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"R23-20260421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s13037-019-0198-0","article-title":"Preoperative anxiety among adult patients undergoing elective surgery: A prospective survey at a general hospital in Ethiopia","volume":"13","author":"Bedaso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Patient Saf Surg"}],"container-title":["Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/sja.sja_617_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:43:17Z","timestamp":1787067797000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/sja.sja_617_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/sja.sja_617_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["1658-354X","0975-3125"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1658-354X","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-3125","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-30","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-11","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}