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In this report, we show how a combined spinal epidural anesthesia can be useful for cesarean delivery, as we illustrate in a dual-chamber and VVI implantable defibrillator pacemaker\/defibrillator parturient with a KSS and preeclampsia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.sja_630_17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,8]],"date-time":"2018-01-08T01:07:11Z","timestamp":1515373631000},"page":"134-138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Anesthetic management of a parturient with Kearns\u2013Sayre syndrome, dual-chamber and VVI implantable defibrillator pacemaker\/defibrillator, and preeclampsia for cesarean delivery: A case report and review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Abdulmohsen","family":"Al Ghamdi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000154518.31302.ED","article-title":"Prevalence of large-scale mitochondrial DNA deletions in an adult Finnish population","volume":"64","author":"Remes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R2-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21217","article-title":"Prevalence of mitochondrial DNA disease in adults","volume":"63","author":"Schaefer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"R3-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1958.00940080296016","article-title":"Retinitis pigmentosa, external ophthalmophegia, and complete heart block: Unusual syndrome with histologic study in one of two cases","volume":"60","author":"Kearns","year":"1958","journal-title":"AMA Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R4-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200610000-00029","article-title":"Clinical implications of mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"105","author":"Muravchick","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"R5-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1992.tb02289.x","article-title":"Endocrine dysfunction in Kearns-Sayre syndrome","volume":"37","author":"Harvey","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"R6-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198905183202001","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA deletions in progressive external ophthalmoplegia and Kearns-Sayre syndrome","volume":"320","author":"Moraes","year":"1989","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R7-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(79)90459-4","article-title":"Cardiac conduction in the Kearns-Sayre syndrome (a neuromuscular disorder associated with progressive external ophthalmoplegia and pigmentary retinopathy). 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