{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:32:09Z","timestamp":1787761929053,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anesthetic management of dystonic patients with uncontrolled involuntary movements refractory to medical management is a challenge to neuroanaesthetists. According to some studies, the prevalence of Panthothenate Kinase Associated Neurodegeneration is 1 to 9\/1,000,000. Report of Deep Brain Stimulation for Hallervorden\u2013Spatz is extremely rare in literature. \u201cAwake\u201d bilateral electrode placement, with microelectrode recording (MER) and stimulation with a scalp nerve block, titrated conscious sedation with Monitored Anesthesia Care (MAC) is preferable. However, in those patients needing general anesthesia, a balanced anesthesia technique with careful selection and monitored titration of anesthetic drugs ensuring MERs for precise placement and stimulation of target nuclei along with adequate plane and depth of anesthesia and prevention of awareness are essentially the key factors in the anesthetic management. Surgery is the mainstay of the disease due to poor response to medical management. Multidisciplinary collaboration and cooperation among neurologists, neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists, and neuroanaesthesiologists are imperative to ensure good patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.sja_728_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T22:42:22Z","timestamp":1678401742000},"page":"278-280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anesthetic management of deep brain stimulation in Hallervorden\u2013Spatz syndrome"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Joseph Nascimento","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Unmesh Pramod","family":"Bedekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-26-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5215.2006.00144.x","article-title":"Anesthesia for patients with pantothenate-kinase-associated neurodegeneration (Hallervorden -Spatz disease)-a literature review","volume":"18","author":"Hinkelbein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatr"},{"key":"R2-26-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020817","article-title":"Genetic, clinical, and radiographic delineation of Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome","volume":"348","author":"Hayflick","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R3-26-20240909","first-page":"180","article-title":"Anesthesia considerations for deep-brain stimulation in a patient with type-2 pantothenate kinase deficiency (Hallervorden-Spatz disease)","volume":"56","author":"Hurtardo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim"},{"key":"R5-26-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1097\/00008506-200004000-00006","article-title":"Anesthetic management for two stage computer assisted, stereotactic thalamotomy in a child with Hallervorden Spatz disease","volume":"12","author":"Keegan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol"},{"key":"R6-26-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-005-0829-y","article-title":"Postoperative cognitive dysfunction","volume":"54","author":"Engelhard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anaesthesist"},{"key":"R7-26-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000143331.86101.5E","article-title":"Pallidal stimulation for dystonia","volume":"55","author":"Krause","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"R8-26-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20655","article-title":"Staged bilateral stereotactic pallidothalamotomy for life threatening dystonia in a child with Hallervorden-Spatz disease","volume":"21","author":"Balas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R9-26-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.06.012","article-title":"Effect of propofol anesthesia on pallidal neuronal discharges in generalized dystonia","volume":"386","author":"Steigerwald","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"R10-26-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198304000-00017","article-title":"Anesthetic management of a patient with HallervordenSpatz disease","volume":"58","author":"Roy","year":"1983","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"}],"container-title":["Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/sja.sja_728_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:08:29Z","timestamp":1787760509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/sja.sja_728_22"}},"subtitle":["Surviving the \u201ceye of the tiger\u201d"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/sja.sja_728_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["1658-354X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1658-354X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}}}