{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:45:45Z","timestamp":1789519545009,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lignocaine and Magnesium have an analgesic action and reduce perioperative opioid requirements. We carried out this study to evaluate the effect of magnesium and lignocaine on postoperative pain as assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) and fentanyl consumption. We also measured S-100 B levels and noted the side effect of drugs if any.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this prospective preliminary study, 45 patients undergoing supratentorial craniotomy for tumor surgery were randomized to receive either lignocaine (group I-1.5 mg\/kg bolus followed by 2 mg\/kg\/h infusion), saline (Group II) or magnesium (group III: bolus of 50 mg\/kg followed by 25 mg\/kg\/hr) intraoperatively. The amount of fentanyl required, VAS over first 24 hours and any side effects were noted. S100 B levels were also measured to assess brain protective effect of these drugs, if any. Appropriate statistical tests were applied for analysis of data and a\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      None of the patient experienced any adverse hemodynamic effect intraoperatively secondary to the study drugs. The amount of intraoperative fentanyl consumption was comparable among the three groups. The mean VAS score was significantly less in group I and III [Group I (15.3 \u00b1 6.0), Group II (24.8 \u00b1 6.7), Group III (17.9 \u00b1 7.6); (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01)]. The fentanyl consumed in first 24 hours was significantly less in those patients who received lignocaine and magnesium [Group I (204.4 \u00b1 136.4), Group II (383 \u00b1 168.2), Group III (194 \u00b1 148.9); (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01)]. S100 value did not differ in the lignocaine and the saline group during the perioperative period. However, a significant decline was noted in the levels of S100 B in the magnesium group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intraoperative infusion of lignocaine and magnesium results in lower VAS score and decreases the postoperative opioid requirement in patients undergoing craniotomy for excision of supratentorial tumors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.sja_837_18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,18]],"date-time":"2019-09-18T07:26:28Z","timestamp":1568791588000},"page":"299-305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Effect of magnesium and lignocaine on post-craniotomy pain: A comparative, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Charu","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajeeb Kumar","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhagya Ranjan","family":"Jena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indu","family":"Kapoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hemanshu","family":"Prabhakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Girija Prasad","family":"Rath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arvind","family":"Chaturvedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S85782","article-title":"Options for perioperative pain management in neurosurgery","volume":"9","author":"Vadivelu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"R2-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.3171\/2008.9.17689","article-title":"Postoperative pain management with tramadol after craniotomy: Evaluation and cost analysis","volume":"112","author":"Rahimi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"R3-20250925","first-page":"S11","article-title":"Effect of magnesium sulfate on the total anesthetic and analgesic requirements in neurosurgery","author":"Manaa","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurophysiol"},{"key":"R4-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1093\/bjaed\/mkw008","article-title":"Intravenous lidocaine for acute pain: An evidence-based clinical update","volume":"16","author":"Eipe","year":"2016","journal-title":"BJA Educ"},{"key":"R5-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318297d4a5","article-title":"Effect of perioperative intravenous lidocaine administration on pain, opioid consumption, and quality of life after complex spine surgery","volume":"119","author":"Farag","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"R6-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.11.057","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of magnesium-sulphate on ischemic injury mediated by modulating the release of glutamate and reduced of hyperperfusion","volume":"1371","author":"Kang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"R7-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.894384","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of intravenous lidocaine on early postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients following spine surgery","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"R8-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f1757","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f1757","article-title":"Predictive value of S-100\u03b2 protein for prognosis in patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"346","author":"Mercier","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R9-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aem407","article-title":"Effects of magnesium sulphate on intraoperative anaesthetic requirements and postoperative analgesia in gynaecology patients receiving total intravenous anaesthesia","volume":"100","author":"Ryu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"R10-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2009.02165.x","article-title":"Lidocaine vs.magnesium: Effect on analgesia after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"54","author":"Saadawy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"R11-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e318277a270","article-title":"Preventive analgesia by local anesthetics: The reduction of postoperative pain by peripheral nerve blocks and intravenous drugs","volume":"116","author":"Barreveld","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R12-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0b013e318259bcd8","article-title":"Perioperative systemic lidocaine for postoperative analgesia and recovery after abdominal surgery: A metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"55","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"R13-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2017.03.038","article-title":"Influence of the perioperative administration of magnesium sulfate on the total dose of anesthetics during general anesthesia. A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Rubio","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"R14-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0173026","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173026","article-title":"Effects of systemic lidocaine versus magnesium administration on postoperative functional recovery and chronic pain in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, comparative clinical trial","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R15-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002797","article-title":"Intravenously administered lidocaine and magnesium during thyroid surgery in female patients for better quality of recovery after anesthesia","volume":"127","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R16-20250925","first-page":"CD009642","article-title":"Continuous intravenous perioperative lidocaine infusion for postoperative pain and recovery in adults","volume":"6","author":"Weibel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R17-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-016-2204-z","article-title":"prognostic value of the S100 B protein in newly diagnosed and recurrent glioma patients: A serial analysis","volume":"129","author":"Holla","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"}],"container-title":["Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/sja.SJA_837_18","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:40:22Z","timestamp":1787067622000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/sja.SJA_837_18"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/sja.sja_837_18","relation":{},"ISSN":["1658-354X","0975-3125"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1658-354X","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-3125","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}}}