{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T04:17:55Z","timestamp":1789186675941,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.4103\/sjg.sjg_213_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T15:09:09Z","timestamp":1786633749000},"page":"415-424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Stigma management, social support, and quality of life among adults with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Fahad M.","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32448-0","article-title":"Worldwide incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in the 21st century: A systematic review of population-based studies","volume":"390","author":"Ng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R2-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0340892","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0340892","article-title":"Updated data on the epidemiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in Lebanon","volume":"21","author":"Abou Rached","year":"2026","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R3-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3104","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13233104","article-title":"The burden of inflammatory bowel disease in Gulf cooperation council countries from 1990 to 2021 with forecasting projections to 2030: A global burden of disease study","volume":"13","author":"Alsaif","year":"2025","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"R4-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00360-x","article-title":"The four epidemiological stages in the global evolution of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"18","author":"Kaplan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R6-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30348-6","article-title":"Stigma and irritable bowel syndrome: A taboo subject?","volume":"5","author":"Hearn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R7-20260911","first-page":"49","article-title":"A systematic review of disease-related stigmatization in patients living with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"9","author":"Taft","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Exp Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R8-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.4103\/sjg.sjg_162_22","article-title":"The impact of inflammatory bowel diseases on the quality of life of Saudi pediatric patients: A cross-sectional study","volume":"28","author":"Alhadab","year":"2022","journal-title":"Saudi J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R9-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-022-00923-4","article-title":"Attitudes and stigma toward seeking psychological help among Saudi Adults","volume":"10","author":"Alluhaibi","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Psychol"},{"key":"R10-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70017","DOI":"10.1111\/spc3.70017","article-title":"A concealable intervention for a concealed group: Applying self-affirmation interventions to people with concealable stigmatized identities","volume":"18","author":"Monheim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soc Personal Psychol Compass"},{"key":"R11-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2652","article-title":"A systematic review on autistic people's experiences of stigma and coping strategies","volume":"15","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Autism Res"},{"key":"R12-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2020.0205","article-title":"To disclose, not disclose, or conceal: A qualitative study of HIV-positive men with multiple concealable stigmatized identities","volume":"35","author":"Perlson","year":"2021","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"key":"R13-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-023-01253-2","article-title":"A systematic review and lived experience synthesis of self-disclosure as an active ingredient in interventions for adolescents and young adults with anxiety and depression","volume":"50","author":"Gonsalves","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adm Policy Ment Health"},{"key":"R14-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s11482-022-10089-1","article-title":"Stigma management, social support, and quality of life: An exploratory study among people with Crohn's disease","volume":"18","author":"Alalouf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl Res Qual Life"},{"key":"R15-20260911","first-page":"26","article-title":"Social withdrawal: A systematic review of the influencing mechanism, forming reason and discussing the affected groups","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Educ Humanit Soc Sci"},{"key":"R16-20260911","first-page":"127","article-title":"The effects of social withdrawal on life satisfaction of multicultural adolescents: Mediating effects of depression","volume":"23","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Educ Res Inst"},{"key":"R17-20260911","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Social support as a protective factor for the well-being of parents of children with autism in Saudi Arabia","volume":"55","author":"Khusaifan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Nurs"},{"key":"R18-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-05103-1","article-title":"The impact of anxiety, depression, and social support on the relationship between HIV-related stigma and mental health-related quality of life among Chinese patients: A cross-sectional, moderate-mediation study","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"R20-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1080\/01639620701588081","article-title":"Anticipated stigma and stigma management among those to be labeled \u201cex-con\u201d","volume":"29","author":"Winnick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Deviant Behav"},{"key":"R21-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4560.2010.01663.x","article-title":"Revealing concealable stigmatized identities: The impact of disclosure motivations and positive first-disclosure experiences on fear of disclosure and well-being","volume":"66","author":"Chaudoir","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Soc Issues"},{"key":"R22-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa5201_2","article-title":"The multidimensional scale of perceived social support","volume":"52","author":"Zimet","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"key":"R24-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.5116\/ijme.4dfb.8dfd","article-title":"Making sense of Cronbach's alpha","volume":"2","author":"Tavakol","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Med Educ"},{"key":"R25-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldab010","article-title":"Psychological factors associated with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"138","author":"Eugenicos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"R26-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016578","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1016578","article-title":"Psychological stress in inflammatory bowel disease: Psychoneuroimmunological insights into bidirectional gut\u2013brain communications","volume":"13","author":"Ge","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"R27-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13172203","article-title":"Quality of life and fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Abdulla","year":"2025","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"R28-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15080","article-title":"Challenges of living with, and managing inflammatory bowel disease: A meta-synthesis of patients' experiences","volume":"29","author":"Byron","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs."},{"key":"R29-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1159\/000452989","article-title":"Beneficial effects of education on emotional distress, self-management, and coping in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A prospective randomized controlled study","volume":"1","author":"Berding","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inflamm Intest Dis"},{"key":"R30-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.2.328","article-title":"The psychological implications of concealing a stigma: A cognitive-affective-behavioral model","volume":"133","author":"Pachankis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"R31-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116529","article-title":"Why is concealment associated with health and wellbeing? An investigation of potential mechanisms","volume":"344","author":"Forestier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"R32-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjae091","article-title":"ECCO guidelines on therapeutics in Crohn's disease: Medical treatment","volume":"18","author":"Gordon","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"R33-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izx100","article-title":"Quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analyses-Part I","volume":"24","author":"Knowles","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"R34-20260911","first-page":"977","article-title":"The role of perceived social support in building resilience among individuals with chronic illnesses: Impacts on emotional well-being and coping with disease-related stress","volume":"3","author":"Shah","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit Rev Soc Sci Stud"},{"key":"R35-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184711","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1184711","article-title":"Influence of social support on subjective well-being of patients with chronic diseases in China: Chain-mediating effect of self-efficacy and perceived stress","volume":"11","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"R36-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-025-02743-4","article-title":"The mediating and moderating role of social support on the relationship between psychological well-being and burdensomeness among elderly with chronic illness: Community nursing perspective","volume":"24","author":"Amin","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Nurs."},{"issue":"(Suppl 1)","key":"R37-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S733","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2025.1487","article-title":"The influence of stigma, disclosure, and self-esteem on quality of life in individuals with mental illness","volume":"68","author":"Lien","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry."},{"key":"R39-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1086\/651257","article-title":"Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis","volume":"37","author":"Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Consum Res"},{"key":"R40-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.35335\/ners.v3i2.369","article-title":"Analysis of the influence of psychosocial support on the quality of life of patients with chronic diseases","volume":"3","author":"Stev","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Midwifery Res"},{"key":"R41-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1007\/s10880-025-10079-z","article-title":"Disclosing inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-synthesis exploring the experience of, and barriers and facilitators to, self-disclosure","volume":"32","author":"Harriman","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol Med Settings"},{"key":"R42-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2023.102090","article-title":"Association between prior appendectomy and the risk and course of Crohn's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R43-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izae059","article-title":"prior appendectomy is associated with a milder clinical course in Crohn's Disease: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"31","author":"Mark-Christensen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"R44-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-024-03514-2","article-title":"Sex-related differences in profiles and clinical outcomes of Inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Salem","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R45-20260911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12051791","article-title":"Gender differences in psychological symptoms and quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in China: A multicenter study","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"}],"container-title":["Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/sjg.sjg_213_26","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T16:09:56Z","timestamp":1789142996000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/sjg.sjg_213_26"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/sjg.sjg_213_26","relation":{},"ISSN":["1319-3767","1998-4049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1319-3767","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-4049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-12","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-21","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}