{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T17:29:51Z","timestamp":1786728591014,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.4103\/sjg.sjg_273_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T06:00:10Z","timestamp":1769666410000},"page":"139-149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Trends in the burden and quality of care for upper gastrointestinal diseases from 1990 to 2021: An analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Qunying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Operating Room, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000001902","article-title":"The global, regional, and national patterns of change in the burden of nonmalignant upper gastrointestinal diseases from 1990 to 2019 and the forecast for the next decade","volume":"111","author":"Bai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"R2-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2020.09.001","article-title":"Upper gastrointestinal bleeding","volume":"37","author":"Costable","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Geriatr Med"},{"key":"R3-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2018.02.003","article-title":"Evaluation and management of Non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding","volume":"64","author":"Samuel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dis Mon"},{"key":"R4-20260227","first-page":"e17374","article-title":"Impact of gastrointestinal diseases on health-related quality of life of patients in Pakistan","volume":"13","author":"Shahzad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R5-20260227","first-page":"6637084","article-title":"Psychosomatic disorders in patients with gastrointestinal diseases: Single-center cross-sectional study of 1186 inpatients","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract, 2021"},{"key":"R6-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2024.07.048","article-title":"Prevalence of common upper gastrointestinal diseases in Chinese adults aged 18-64 years","volume":"69","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Bull (Beijing)"},{"key":"R7-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106690","DOI":"10.4253\/wjge.v17.i5.106690","article-title":"Changing trends in upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings in Ethiopia: A comparison of eighteen thousand exams across two periods","volume":"17","author":"Roro","year":"2025","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"R8-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m3786","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3786","article-title":"Advances in the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease","volume":"371","author":"Katzka","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R9-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3547","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-022-02202-5","article-title":"The economic burden of eosinophilic gastritis and eosinophilic enteritis in the United States","volume":"39","author":"Woolley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"R10-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.outlook.2023.102049","article-title":"Advancing health equity through nursing research","volume":"71","author":"Still","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nurs Outlook"},{"key":"R11-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0247120","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247120","article-title":"A global, regional, and national survey on burden and Quality of Care Index (QCI) of brain and other central nervous system cancers;global burden of disease systematic analysis 1990-2017","volume":"16","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R12-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-021-01918-0","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden and quality of care index (QCI) of lip and oral cavity cancer: A systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2017","volume":"21","author":"Sofi-Mahmudi","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"R13-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00757-8","article-title":"Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"403","author":"Diseases","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R14-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00933-4","article-title":"Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"403","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R15-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102873","article-title":"The global, regional, and national patterns of change in the burden of congenital birth defects, 1990-2021: An analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021 and forecast to 2040","volume":"77","author":"Bai","year":"2024","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"R16-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0267596","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0267596","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden and quality of care index in children and adolescents: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 1990-2017","volume":"17","author":"Hanifiha","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R17-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"04213","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.14.04213","article-title":"Inequalities in disease burden and care quality of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 1990-2021: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"14","author":"Yao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"R18-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19337-5","article-title":"Global burden and cross-country inequalities in stroke and subtypes attributable to diet from 1990 to 2019","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"R19-20260227","article-title":"Handbook on health inequality monitoring: With a special focus on low-and middle-income countries: World Health Organization","year":"2013"},{"key":"R20-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1388","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30360-2","article-title":"Rheumatic heart disease burden, trends, and inequalities in the Americas, 1990-2017: A population-based study","volume":"7","author":"Ordunez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"R21-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12989","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12989","article-title":"Reinforced medication adherence improves Helicobacter pylori eradication rate in developing countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"28","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"R22-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00070-5","article-title":"Global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection between 1980 and 2022: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R23-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0270252","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270252","article-title":"Trends in proton pump inhibitor use, reflux esophagitis, and various upper gastrointestinal symptoms from 2010 to 2019 in Japan","volume":"17","author":"Yamamichi","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R24-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00355-1","article-title":"Global, regional, and national prevalence of adult overweight and obesity, 1990-2021, with forecasts to 2050: A forecasting study for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"405","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R25-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.086","article-title":"Trends in the epidemiology of anxiety disorders from 1990 to 2021: A global, regional, and national analysis with a focus on the sociodemographic index","volume":"373","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"R26-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihy005","article-title":"A review of gastrointestinal protocols for primary care medical service trips (MSTs) in Latin America and the Caribbean","volume":"10","author":"Dainton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Health"},{"key":"R27-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2688","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.03174.x","article-title":"Latin-American Consensus Conference on Helicobacter pylori infection Latin-American National Gastroenterological Societies affiliated with the Inter-American Association of Gastroenterology (AIGE)","volume":"95","author":"Coelho","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R28-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-023-01905-7","article-title":"Multidomain and multilevel strategies to improve equity in maternal and newborn health services in Nepal: Perspectives of health managers and policymakers","volume":"22","author":"Khatri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"key":"R29-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aprim.2025.103226","article-title":"[Telemedicine in developing countries and international cooperation","volume":"57","author":"Rossetti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aten Primaria"},{"key":"R30-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.15403\/jgld-870","article-title":"Sociodemographic, lifestyle and medical factors associated with helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"29","author":"Razuka-Ebela","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gastrointestin Liver Dis"},{"key":"R31-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12880","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12880","article-title":"Effects of enhanced education for patients with the Helicobacter pylori infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Zha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"R32-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001719","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori World Gastroenterology Organization Global Guideline","volume":"57","author":"Katelaris","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R33-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12769","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12769","article-title":"Designing strategies for eradication of Helicobacter pylori based on prevalence patterns of infection and antibiotic resistance in a low-income, medically underserved community in the United States","volume":"26","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"R34-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-016-0440-0","article-title":"The influence of gender and other patient characteristics on health care-seeking behaviour: A QUALICOPC study","volume":"17","author":"Thompson","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract"},{"key":"R35-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.26719\/2021.27.1.76","article-title":"Estimated and projected prevalence of tobacco smoking in males, Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2000-2025","volume":"27","author":"Fouad","year":"2021","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J"},{"key":"R36-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e011827","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011827","article-title":"Birth cohort trends in the global epidemiology of alcohol use and alcohol-related harms in men and women: Systematic review and metaregression","volume":"6","author":"Slade","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"R37-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.32394\/rpzh.2021.0145","article-title":"Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms related to lifestyle and diet","volume":"72","author":"Taraszewska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig"},{"key":"R38-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2452","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v29.i16.2452","article-title":"Updates on global epidemiology, risk and prognostic factors of gastric cancer","volume":"29","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R39-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-022-00376-4","article-title":"Multimorbidity","volume":"8","author":"Skou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"R40-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713908","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.713908","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection in geriatric patients: Current situation and treatment regimens","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"}],"container-title":["Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/sjg.sjg_273_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T16:29:00Z","timestamp":1786724940000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/sjg.sjg_273_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/sjg.sjg_273_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["1319-3767","1998-4049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1319-3767","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-4049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-30","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-02","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}