{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:39:23Z","timestamp":1786649963830,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759449600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.4103\/sjg.sjg_32_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T14:02:14Z","timestamp":1759759334000},"page":"356-366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Large duct primary sclerosing cholangitis with or without inflammatory bowel disease in Saudi patients"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Hamdan S.","family":"AlGhamdi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Hepatology Division, Department of Hepatobiliary Sciences and Organ Transplant Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nawaf M.","family":"AlYahya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim M.","family":"Bahabri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard \u2013 Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majed A.","family":"Al Ashaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard \u2013 Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulrahman K.","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard \u2013 Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz A.","family":"AlAhmary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard \u2013 Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuha","family":"Al Ajlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard \u2013 Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulrahman I.","family":"AlAbdulgader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abduljaleel M.","family":"Alalwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Hepatology Division, Department of Hepatobiliary Sciences and Organ Transplant Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faisal M.","family":"Sanai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Section, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.07.022","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis-a comprehensive review","volume":"67","author":"Karlsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R2-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30300-3","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"391","author":"Dyson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R3-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-020-10118-x","article-title":"Management of primary sclerosing cholangitis and its complications:An algorithmic approach","volume":"15","author":"Prokopi\u010d","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology International"},{"key":"R4-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.005","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis:Epidemiology, diagnosis, and presentation","volume":"28","author":"Sohal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"R5-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.08.039","article-title":"Epidemiology, natural history, and outcomes of primary sclerosing cholangitis:A systematic review of population-based studies","volume":"20","author":"Trivedi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R6-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.032","article-title":"Prevalence of Primary sclerosing cholangitis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"161","author":"Barberio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R7-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2418","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15007","article-title":"Global incidence, prevalence and features of primary sclerosing cholangitis:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Mehta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"R8-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.2991\/jegh.k.200330.001","article-title":"Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease in Middle Eastern patients","volume":"10","author":"Adam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"issue":"(Suppl 1)","key":"R9-20251105","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Saudi Arabia consensus guidance for the diagnosis and management of adults with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"29","author":"Mosli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Saudi J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R10-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-020-10110-5","article-title":"Factors associated with major radiological progression of primary sclerosing cholangitis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"14","author":"Azzam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"R11-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.05.011","article-title":"European Association for the Study of the Liver. Clinical Practice Guidelines on sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"77","author":"Chazouilleres","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R12-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29293","article-title":"Recommendations on the use of magnetic resonance imaging in PSC-A position statement from the International PSC Study Group","volume":"66","author":"Schramm","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R13-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.32074\/1591-951X-245","article-title":"Autoimmune biliary diseases:Primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"113","author":"Sarcognato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathologica"},{"key":"R14-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000152","article-title":"ACG clinical guideline:Ulcerative colitis in adults","volume":"114","author":"Rubin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R15-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2018.27","article-title":"ACG Clinical Guideline:Management of Crohn's disease in adults","volume":"113","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R16-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510290427","article-title":"Recurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis following liver transplantation","volume":"29","author":"Graziadei","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R17-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26565","article-title":"Population-based epidemiology, malignancy risk, and outcome of primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"58","author":"Boonstra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R18-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-022-10356-1","article-title":"Epidemiology and outcomes of primary sclerosing cholangitis:An Australian multicentre retrospective cohort study","volume":"16","author":"Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"R19-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.02.008","article-title":"Low risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis with cirrhosis","volume":"12","author":"Zenouzi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R20-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2024.103264","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical profiles of primary sclerosing cholangitis in China:Data from electronic medical records and systematic literature retrieval","volume":"147","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"R21-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2002.02835.x","article-title":"Clinical profile of primary sclerosing cholangitis in Singapore","volume":"17","author":"Ang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R22-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbp.50","article-title":"Nationwide survey for primary sclerosing cholangitis and IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis in Japan","volume":"21","author":"Tanaka","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci"},{"key":"R23-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-020-01663-1","article-title":"An update on primary sclerosing cholangitis epidemiology, outcomes and quantification of alkaline phosphatase variability in a population-based cohort","volume":"55","author":"Bakhshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R24-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840110103","article-title":"Does primary sclerosing cholangitis occurring in association with inflammatory bowel disease differ from that occurring in the absence of inflammatory bowel disease?A study of sixty-six subjects","volume":"11","author":"Rabinovitz","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R25-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510230612","article-title":"Features of autoimmune hepatitis in primary sclerosing cholangitis:An evaluation of 114 primary sclerosing cholangitis patients according to a scoring system for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"23","author":"Boberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R26-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510280210","article-title":"Frequency and nature of the variant syndromes of autoimmune liver disease","volume":"28","author":"Czaja","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R27-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl17236","article-title":"An elevated platelet count increases the risk of relapse in ulcerative colitis patients with mucosal healing","volume":"12","author":"Nakarai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"R28-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-022-02571-9","article-title":"Evaluation of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio as potential markers for ulcerative colitis:A retrospective study","volume":"22","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R29-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32771","article-title":"AASLD practice guidance on primary sclerosing cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"77","author":"Bowlus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R30-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10091953","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis:Meta-analysis of diagnostic performance of MR cholangiopancreatography","volume":"256","author":"Dave","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"R31-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.04106.x","article-title":"Dominant strictures in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"99","author":"Bj\u00f6rnsson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R32-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e3283554bbf","article-title":"Cholangiocarcinoma and dominant strictures in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis:A 25-year single-centre experience","volume":"24","author":"Chapman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R33-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jju013","article-title":"Prognosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis in israel is independent of coexisting inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"9","author":"Yanai","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"R34-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.03.019","article-title":"European Association for the Study of the Liver. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"69","author":"Galle","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R35-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2020.0302","article-title":"Metabolic disease as a risk of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"27","author":"Nishida","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"key":"R36-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2338","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29730","article-title":"Surveillance for hepatobiliary cancers in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"67","author":"Ali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R37-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02575.x","article-title":"Malignancies and mortality in 200 patients with primary sclerosering cholangitis:A long-term single-centre study","volume":"32","author":"Fevery","year":"2012","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"R38-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.4251\/wjgo.v13.i10.1336","article-title":"Review of incidence and outcomes of treatment of cholangiocarcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"13","author":"Saffioti","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Oncol"},{"key":"R39-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.04067.x","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"99","author":"Burak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R40-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000576","article-title":"Increased risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease:A meta-analysis of 16 observational studies","volume":"28","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R41-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13548","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease with primary sclerosing cholangitis:A danish population-based cohort study 1977-2011","volume":"38","author":"S\u00f8rensen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"R42-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00872.x","article-title":"Characterization, outcome, and prognosis in 273 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis:A single center study","volume":"102","author":"Tischendorf","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R43-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.24350","article-title":"Biliary strictures and recurrence after liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis:A retrospective multicenter analysis","volume":"22","author":"Hildebrand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"R44-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15148","article-title":"Systematic review with meta-analysis:Risk factors for recurrent primary sclerosing cholangitis after liver transplantation","volume":"49","author":"Steenstraten","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R45-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100599","article-title":"Inflammatory conditions play a role in recurrence of PSC after liver transplantation:An international multicentre study","volume":"4","author":"Visseren","year":"2022","journal-title":"JHEP Reports"},{"key":"R46-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.25838","article-title":"Impact of preexisting inflammatory bowel disease on the outcome of liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"26","author":"Irl\u00e8s-Dep\u00e9","year":"2020","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"R47-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.01.002","article-title":"Liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis;predictors and consequences of hepatobiliary malignancy","volume":"40","author":"Brandsaeter","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/sjg.sjg_32_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:00:29Z","timestamp":1786647629000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/sjg.sjg_32_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/sjg.sjg_32_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["1319-3767","1998-4049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1319-3767","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-4049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-23","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-10","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}