{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:25:25Z","timestamp":1787765125673,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a prominent cause of mortality in prostate cancer patients. However, it has been reported that patients with preexisting CVDs are at greater risk. Literature on the magnitude of this problem in Saudi Arabia is lacking.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n To measure the prevalence of prostate cancer patients with preexisting CVDs in our population and to elucidate the possible risk factors of new cardiovascular events (CVEs) in patients who received androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n This retrospective study included all patients newly diagnosed with prostate cancer at a tertiary hospital in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia from October 2008 to January 2019. The prevalence of preexisting cardiovascular diseases in these patients were determined. In addition, the incidence of new CVEs after initiating ADT was determined along with the risk factors for the same.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The prevalence of preexisting CVD in our cohort was 16%. About 6% of the patients who received ADT had CVEs after a median follow-up of 39 months (IQR: 11-49 months). In the univariate analysis, hyperlipidemia (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.002), stroke (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.001), peripheral vascular disease (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = <0.001), cardiac patients with stents (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = <0.001), and cardiac patients without stent (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = <0.001) were significant risk factors of new CVEs after initiating ADT. However, in the multivariate regression analysis, only history of stroke and CVD (with or without stent) were found to be significant risk factors of new CVEs after initiating ADT (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.01).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n About one-fifth of the prostate cancer patients had preexisting CVDs. This study also found that luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist could be a risk factor for new CVEs.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/sjmms.sjmms_150_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T14:06:07Z","timestamp":1705673167000},"page":"60-64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prevalence of Preexisting Cardiovascular Diseases in Prostate Cancer Patients and Cardiac Risks of Hormonal Therapy"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Abdullah Mousa","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hend Al","family":"Shamsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Al","family":"Momen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah Al","family":"Fluij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashraf Al","family":"Matar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240909","first-page":"679","article-title":"Epidemiology of cancer in Saudi Arabia thru 2010-2019: A systematic review with constrained meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Alqahtani","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIMS Public Health"},{"key":"R2-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3889","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz766","article-title":"Apopulation-based study of cardiovascular disease mortality risk in US cancer patients","volume":"40","author":"Sturgeon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"R3-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000000714","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk in men with prostate cancer: Insights from the RADICAL PC study","volume":"203","author":"Leong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"R4-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.09.042","article-title":"EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-SIOG guidelines on prostate cancer-2020 update. 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