{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:04:54Z","timestamp":1787169894513,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Auditory processing disorder (APD) is defined as difficulty in listening despite possessing hearing thresholds within the normal limit. Understanding rapid speech, following complex instructions, and listening in the existence of background noise are some of the difficulties in APD. APD has been observed in diverse clinical populations with suspected or diagnosed disorders, such as attention deficit\u2013hyperactivity disorder, dyslexia, aphasia, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease; however, it should be differentiated from these disorders. Despite the research on APD, its awareness is limited, resulting in it often being undiagnosed. Therefore, improving the awareness and understanding of APD is important. The current paper aims to review the literature on APD with a focus on school-age children. The prevalence, etiology, screening, and diagnosis of APD are discussed along with correlated disorders, interpretation of tests, and management strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/sjmms.sjmms_218_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T11:06:30Z","timestamp":1698059190000},"page":"275-282","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Understanding Auditory Processing Disorder: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ahmad A.","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"R5-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e382","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2826","article-title":"Nature of auditory processing disorder in children","volume":"126","author":"Moore","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R7-20240909","first-page":"109","article-title":"The prevalence of central presbyacusis in a clinical population","volume":"1","author":"Stach","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Acad Audiol"},{"key":"R8-20240909","first-page":"20","article-title":"Central auditory processing disorders:Review and case study","volume":"28","author":"Palfery","year":"2007","journal-title":"Axone"},{"key":"R9-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.3109\/14992027.2011.582049","article-title":"Prevalence of clinical referrals having hearing thresholds within normal limits","volume":"50","author":"Hind","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Audiol"},{"key":"R10-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2012\/11-0352)","article-title":"Using different criteria to diagnose (central) auditory processing disorder:How big a difference does it make?","volume":"56","author":"Wilson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Speech Lang Hear Res"},{"key":"R11-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1716007","article-title":"Behavioral and electrophysiologic evidence of auditory processing disorder:A twin study","volume":"13","author":"Jerger","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Acad Audiol"},{"key":"R13-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(94)90048-5","article-title":"Central auditory processing in school-age children prenatally exposed to cigarette smoke","volume":"16","author":"McCartney","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"key":"R14-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(92)90028-9","article-title":"Lead exposure and the central auditory processing abilities and cognitive development of urban children:The Cincinnati lead study cohort at age 5 years","volume":"14","author":"Dietrich","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"key":"R15-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2015.1129552","article-title":"Auditory processing abilities in children with chronic otitis media with effusion","volume":"136","author":"Khavarghazalani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"R16-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1590\/2317-1782\/20142014008","article-title":"Auditory temporal abilities in children with history of recurrent otitis media in the first years of life and persistent in preschool and school ages","volume":"26","author":"Villa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Codas"},{"key":"R17-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-198301000-00010","article-title":"Speech audiometry in the young child","volume":"4","author":"Jerger","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"R18-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1991.01870190030008","article-title":"Otitis media with effusion in children. 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