{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:22:54Z","timestamp":1787768574657,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Hepatotoxicity caused by CCL\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      is well known. Geraniol (GNL) has high antioxidant effect that can induces liver regeneration. However, the protective effect of GNL effect on CCL\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      -induced hepatorenal toxicity in pregnant mice has not yet been studied.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To investigate whether GNL could protect against oxidative stress induced by CCL\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      via the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, which is regulated by phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase\/protein kinase B (PI3K\/AKT), and has been found to have protective effects on renal and hepatic tissues.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty-eight female albino mice weighing 25\u201330 g were randomly allocated to 4 groups: Group I served as a control; Group II received a toxicity-inducing single dose of 15 \u03bcL of CCL\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      on the 4\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      day after mating; Group III received 40 mg\/kg GNL + CCL\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      (with GNL from the 1\n                      <jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup>\n                      day of assimilation to delivery); and Group IV received GNL alone from the 1\n                      <jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup>\n                      day of assimilation to the end of the delivery period. GNL was evaluated for its protective effects on hepatotoxicity in CCL\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      -treated pregnant mice. Litter size, weight, survival rate, and resorption were recorded. In addition, H &amp; E staining was done for liver and kidney pathology as well as biochemical markers and oxidative markers malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were analyzed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CCL\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      significantly reduced survival rate and increased resorption after exposure. Alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase concentrations in the serum, tissue MDA, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine were increased after CCL\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      exposure. GNL improved enzyme and antioxidant levels and prevented CCL\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      -induced hepatic injury in mice. Caspase-3 cleavage was decreased by GNL, which increased PI3K, phosphorylated AKT, Nrf2, and B-cell lymphoma 2.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GNL demonstrates a protective effect against CCl4-induced hepatorenal toxicity, mediated through the activation of the PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway and the upregulation of Nrf2. These findings highlight the potential therapeutic implications of GNL in mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation in liver and kidney tissues.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/sjmms.sjmms_225_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T14:06:02Z","timestamp":1705673162000},"page":"17-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Inhibitory Effect of Geraniol on CCL4-induced Hepatorenal Toxicity in Pregnant Mice through the PI3K\/AKT Signaling Pathway"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sabah Ali","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gamal M.","family":"Bekhet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University Egypt, Alexandria, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebai Ben","family":"Ammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basem M.","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enas Mohamed","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed Y.","family":"Al-Ramadan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duaa","family":"Althumairy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peramaiyan","family":"Rajendran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.34.175","article-title":"Carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in pregnant and lactating rats","volume":"34","author":"Mochizuki","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"R2-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.33.375","article-title":"Time-course changes of hematology and clinical chemistry values in pregnant rats","volume":"33","author":"Honda","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"R3-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1248\/yakushi.126.885","article-title":"Learning toxicology from carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity","volume":"126","author":"Masuda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Yakugaku Zasshi"},{"key":"R4-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2014.06.004","article-title":"Antioxidants and human diseases","volume":"436","author":"Rajendran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"R5-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)62060-3","article-title":"Oxygen, early embryonic metabolism and free radical-mediated embryopathies","volume":"6","author":"Burton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"R6-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/569037","article-title":"Attenuation of CCl4-induced oxidative stress and hepatonephrotoxicity by Saudi Sidr honey in rats","author":"Al-Yahya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013"},{"key":"R7-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.107.039818","article-title":"Curcumin protects the rat liver from CCl4-caused injury and fibrogenesis by attenuating oxidative stress and suppressing inflammation","volume":"73","author":"Fu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"R8-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10101593","article-title":"Zerumbone exhibit protective effect against zearalenone induced toxicity via ameliorating inflammation and oxidative stress induced apoptosis","volume":"10","author":"AbuZahra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"R9-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22010217","article-title":"Kaempferol inhibits zearalenone-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis via the PI3K\/Akt-mediated Nrf2 signaling pathway: In vitro and in vivo studies","volume":"22","author":"Rajendran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R10-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0261341","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261341","article-title":"Molecular mechanism of inhibitory effects of melatonin on prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion","volume":"17","author":"Nyamsambuu","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R11-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1080\/10641963.2021.2018600","article-title":"The effects of TNF-\u03b1 inhibitors on carbon tetrachloride-induced nephrotoxicity","volume":"44","author":"Ozdemir","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Exp Hypertens"},{"key":"R12-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(00)00211-7","article-title":"Transcription-dependent and -independent control of neuronal survival by the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway","volume":"11","author":"Brunet","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"R13-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8983","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1207115","article-title":"PI3K\/Akt and apoptosis: Size matters","volume":"22","author":"Franke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"R14-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19082","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-55663-0","article-title":"Interaction of melatonin and Bmal1 in the regulation of PI3K\/AKT pathway components and cellular survival","volume":"9","author":"Beker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R15-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4088","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-0169","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus impairs Nrf2-mediated adaptive antioxidant defenses and redox signaling in fetal endothelial cells in utero","volume":"62","author":"Cheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"R16-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13496","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13496","article-title":"The role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) in normal and pathological pregnancy: A systematic review","volume":"86","author":"Tantengco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"R17-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins10090370","article-title":"Oxidative damage and Nrf2 translocation induced by toxicities of deoxynivalenol on the placental and embryo on gestation Day 12.5 d and 18.5 d","volume":"10","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"R18-20240909","first-page":"455","article-title":"Biological properties of lemongrass: An overview","volume":"21","author":"Olorunnisola","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Food Res J"},{"key":"R19-20240909","first-page":"63","article-title":"Antifungal activity of the lemongrass oil and citral against Candida spp","volume":"12","author":"Silva Cde","year":"2008","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R20-20240909","first-page":"569","article-title":"Bioactivity analysis of lemongrass (Cymbopogan citratus) essential oil","volume":"19","author":"Mirghani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Food Res J"},{"key":"R21-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0479766","article-title":"Free radical scavengers and antioxidants from Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf.)","volume":"53","author":"Cheel","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"R22-20240909","first-page":"1","article-title":"Potential inhibitory effect of geraniol isolated from Lemongrass (Cymbopogon commutatus Stapf) on tilmicosin-induced oxidative stress in cardiac tissue","author":"Ben Ammar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Prod Res"},{"key":"R23-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109599","article-title":"Geraniol isolated from lemon grass to mitigate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity through Nrf2 and NF-?B signaling","volume":"347","author":"Younis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"R24-20240909","first-page":"38","article-title":"Determining the effects of geraniol on liver regeneration via the nuclear factor kB pathway after partial hepatectomy","volume":"23","author":"Ceyhan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Altern Ther Health Med"},{"key":"R25-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding","volume":"72","author":"Bradford","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"R26-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3170","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)45228-9","article-title":"The role of superoxide anion in the autoxidation of epinephrine and a simple assay for superoxide dismutase","volume":"247","author":"Misra","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"R27-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1126\/science.179.4073.588","article-title":"Selenium: Biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase","volume":"179","author":"Rotruck","year":"1973","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R28-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7130","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)42083-8","article-title":"Glutathione S-transferases. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation","volume":"249","author":"Habig","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"R29-20240909","first-page":"882","article-title":"Improved method for the determination of blood glutathione","volume":"61","author":"Beutler","year":"1963","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"R30-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(00)00039-9","article-title":"Chemoprevention of 2-acetylaminofluorene-induced hepatotoxicity and lipid peroxidation in rats by kolaviron \u2013A Garcinia kola seed extract","volume":"38","author":"Farombi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"R31-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5585303","article-title":"Kirenol inhibits B[a] P-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in endothelial cells via modulation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway","author":"Rajendran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev 2021"},{"key":"R32-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1696-9","article-title":"FGF1(\u0394HBS) ameliorates chronic kidney disease via PI3K\/AKT mediated suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"R33-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3292","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.30781","article-title":"Bisphenol A aggravates renal apoptosis and necroptosis in selenium-deficient chickens via oxidative stress and PI3K\/AKT pathway","volume":"237","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"R34-20240909","article-title":"Atractylenolide III attenuates muscle wasting in chronic kidney disease via the oxidative stress-mediated PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR pathway","volume":"2019","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"R35-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61495-1","article-title":"Liver disease in pregnancy","volume":"375","author":"Joshi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R36-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2107269118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2107269118","article-title":"Pregnancy and weaning regulate human maternal liver size and function","volume":"118","author":"Q Bartlett","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R37-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12371","article-title":"The pro-fibrotic effects of pregnancy in a carbon-tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mouse model","volume":"34","author":"Amer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"R38-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113918","article-title":"The hepatoprotective effect of aminoguanidine in acute liver injury caused by CCl(4) in rats","volume":"156","author":"Kostic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"R39-20240909","first-page":"59","article-title":"Comparative study on the protective effect of some antioxidants against CCL4 hepatotoxicity in rats","volume":"6","author":"Khalaf","year":"2009","journal-title":"Egypt J Nat Toxins"},{"key":"R40-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(00)00198-2","article-title":"Biomarkers of oxidative stress study: Are plasma antioxidants markers of CCl(4) poisoning?","volume":"28","author":"Kadiiska","year":"2000","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"R41-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2010.09.009","article-title":"Antioxidant effects of Citharexylum spinosum in CCl4 induced nephrotoxicity in rat","volume":"64","author":"Khan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"R42-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119823","article-title":"Geraniol improved memory impairment and neurotoxicity induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles in male Wistar rats through its antioxidant effect","volume":"282","author":"Farokhcheh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"22","key":"R43-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4817","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14224817","article-title":"Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Geraniol Isolated from Lemon Grass on Ox-LDL-Stimulated Endothelial Cells by Upregulation of Heme Oxygenase-1 via PI3K\/Akt and Nrf-2 Signaling Pathways","volume":"14","author":"Ben Ammar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"R44-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2008.12.014","article-title":"Plant derived antioxidants \u2013 Geraniol and camphene protect rat alveolar macrophages against t-BHP induced oxidative stress","volume":"23","author":"Tiwari","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol In Vitro"},{"key":"R45-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2951","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21082951","article-title":"Roles of Nrf2 in protecting the kidney from oxidative damage","volume":"21","author":"Nezu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R46-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.248","article-title":"Role of Nrf2 in protection against acute kidney injury","volume":"84","author":"Shelton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R47-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-010818-021856","article-title":"Modulating NRF2 in disease: Timing is everything","volume":"59","author":"Dodson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"10","key":"R48-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01149","article-title":"Role of Nrf2 in Disease: Novel Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches","volume":"4","author":"Egea","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"R49-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2402090","article-title":"Phosphorylation of Bcl2 and regulation of apoptosis","volume":"15","author":"Ruvolo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"R50-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10408360500295626","article-title":"BCL2 family of apoptosis-related genes: Functions and clinical implications in cancer","volume":"43","author":"Thomadaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"R51-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2018.09.011","article-title":"Antioxidant activity and protective effect of carob honey in CCl(4)-induced kidney and liver injury","volume":"49","author":"El-Haskoury","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Med Res"},{"key":"R52-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27858","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-2820-6","article-title":"Carbon tetrachloride induced hepato\/renal toxicity in experimental mice: Antioxidant potential of Egyptian Salvia officinalis L essential oil","volume":"25","author":"Fahmy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"},{"key":"R53-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300060519895353","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060519895353","article-title":"Saturated hydrogen alleviates CCl(4)-induced acute kidney injury via JAK2\/STAT3\/p65 signaling","volume":"48","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"}],"container-title":["Saudi Journal of Medicine &amp; Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/sjmms.sjmms_225_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:15:07Z","timestamp":1787768107000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/sjmms.sjmms_225_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/sjmms.sjmms_225_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["1658-631X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1658-631X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-05-11","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-08","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}