{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T20:42:56Z","timestamp":1786653776068,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Periodontal diseases, particularly periodontitis, are chronic inflammation with complex microbial and immunological etiologies. While bacterial pathogens such as\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    are well-known contributors, emerging evidence indicates the role of viruses, especially herpesviruses, in the onset and progression of periodontal tissue destruction. In this review, the interplay between viral infections and periodontal health was explored, with an emphasis on the immunopathological mechanisms in which different viruses such as human herpesvirus, Epstein\u2013Barr virus, and human cytomegalovirus aggravate periodontal tissue destruction. These viruses impair host defenses, promote bacterial colonization, and alter cytokine responses, leading to periodontal tissue damage. The review also addresses the impact of systemic viral infections, such as HIV and COVID-19, on periodontal diseases. Elevation in inflammatory mediators, including interleukin-6, link periodontitis with adverse clinical outcomes in viral infections. Moreover, interactions between\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and respiratory viruses suggest oral pathogens may also influence systemic disease severity. Advances in diagnosis using molecular technology have improved viral detection in periodontal tissues, and previous studies support the use of antiviral therapies and gene-targeted interventions as potential adjuncts to traditional periodontal care. The integration of preventive strategies, such as vaccination and enhanced oral hygiene, is crucial in reducing the systemic consequences of viral\u2013periodontal interactions. This review highlights the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and continued research to fully comprehend the virological dimensions of periodontal disease and develop effective, targeted therapeutic approaches.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/sjmms.sjmms_332_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T15:00:46Z","timestamp":1768834846000},"page":"14-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Viral Contributions to Periodontal and Peri-implant Disease: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Marwa","family":"Madi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2008.00279.x","article-title":"Oral viral infections of adults","volume":"49","author":"Slots","year":"2009","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"R2-20260120","first-page":"72","article-title":"Prevalence of periodontal disease, its association with systemic diseases and prevention","volume":"11","author":"Nazir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Health Sci (Qassim)"},{"key":"R3-20260120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12435","article-title":"Viruses, periodontitis, and comorbidities","volume":"89","author":"Teles","year":"2022","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"R4-20260120","first-page":"25","article-title":"The role of pathogenesis in the growth factors of periodontitis 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