{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:19:43Z","timestamp":1790108383849,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Peritoneal dialysis is an effective therapy for end-stage kidney disease patients. Fungal peritonitis is a rare complication in patients on peritoneal dialysis. Data on peritoneal dialysis-associated fungal peritonitis from Oman are lacking.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To report the epidemiology, management practices, and outcomes in cases of peritoneal dialysis-associated fungal peritonitis from a tertiary hospital in Oman.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patients and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n This retrospective study included all patients aged \u226513 years who developed fungal peritonitis after peritoneal dialysis treatment at Nizwa Hospital, Nizwa City, Oman, between March 01, 2005, and March 31, 2023.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 311 patients were followed-up for peritoneal dialysis during the study period, of which 10 patients developed peritoneal dialysis-related fungal peritonitis (3.2%) (males: 80%; mean age: 54.5 \u00b1 19.9 years).\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n spp. accounted for 80% of the cases, with a predominance of non-\n Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n spp., while\n Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n accounted for the remaining 20%. Previous bacterial peritonitis was noted in seven patients (70%) treated with multiple antibiotics, while six patients (60%) had received antibiotics within the past 1 month. Therapeutic approach was immediate systemic antifungal and peritoneal dialysis catheter removal with transfer to hemodialysis. The mortality rate was 20%.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n \n About 3% of the patients on peritoneal dialysis at Nizwa Hospital, Oman, developed fungal peritonitis. Prior antibiotic use was a major risk factor, and thus antifungal prophylaxis is recommended.\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n spp. was the most common pathogen.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/sjmms.sjmms_534_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T15:00:55Z","timestamp":1768834855000},"page":"75-79","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Fungal Peritonitis in Peritoneal Dialysis: An 18-year Experience from Nizwa Hospital, Sultanate of Oman"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jehad","family":"Al Laham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Nizwa Hospital, Nizwa, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalfan","family":"Alshaaili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Nizwa Hospital, Nizwa, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanaa M. E.","family":"Elsayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Nizwa Hospital, Nizwa, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Al Warith","family":"Al-Kharusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory, Nizwa Hospital, Nizwa, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalil","family":"Al Kharusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, Nizwa Hospital, Nizwa, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Al Aamri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Nizwa Hospital, Nizwa, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1159\/000419739","article-title":"CAPD in North America","volume":"89","author":"Diaz-Buxo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Contrib Nephrol"},{"key":"R2-20260120","first-page":"493","article-title":"Demographic data and hemodialysis population dynamics in Qatar:A five-year survey","volume":"20","author":"Shigidi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl"},{"key":"R3-20260120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2016.181","article-title":"Changes in the worldwide epidemiology of peritoneal dialysis","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"R4-20260120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1111\/sdi.12125","article-title":"PD first:Peritoneal dialysis as the default transition to dialysis therapy","volume":"26","author":"Ghaffari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Dial"},{"key":"R5-20260120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0268823","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268823","article-title":"Predictors and outcomes of peritoneal dialysis-related infections due to filamentous molds (MycoPDICS)","volume":"17","author":"Kanjanabuch","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R6-20260120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.1519","article-title":"Fungal peritonitis in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in Qatar","volume":"5","author":"Khan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"R7-20260120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774946","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.774946","article-title":"Characteristics analysis, clinical outcome and risk factors for fungal peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients:A 10-year case-control study","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"R8-20260120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2011.09.016","article-title":"Ten-year experience with fungal peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients:Antifungal susceptibility patterns in a North-American center","volume":"16","author":"Levallois","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"R9-20260120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S161","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080902902S31","article-title":"Update on fungal peritonitis and its treatment","volume":"29","author":"Matuszkiewicz-Rowinska","year":"2009","journal-title":"Perit Dial Int"},{"key":"R10-20260120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.202","article-title":"Predictors and outcomes of fungal peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients","volume":"76","author":"Miles","year":"2009","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R11-20260120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2013.00179","article-title":"Characteristics and outcomes of fungal peritotnitis in a modern North American cohort","volume":"35","author":"Nadeau-Fredette AC and Bargman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Perit Dial Int"},{"key":"R12-20260120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1086\/368210","article-title":"Fungal peritonitis complicating peritoneal dialysis during an 11-year period:Report of 46 cases","volume":"36","author":"Bibashi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"R13-20260120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/8.3.309","article-title":"Eisenberg. 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