{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:35:45Z","timestamp":1790710545139,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The demographic profile and clinical manifestations of mood disorder subtypes can differ across regions; however, there is a lack of studies from Saudi Arabia on the sociodemographic characteristics of adult Saudi patients with mood disorder subtypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study aims to explore the sociodemographic profile of adult Saudi patients with different types of mood disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study analyzed the data of all adult Saudi patients (aged \u226518 years) who were diagnosed with a mood disorder and attended the psychiatric outpatient clinic at King Fahd Hospital of the University (KFHU), Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia, between 1982 and 2011. Patients with psychiatric comorbidity were not included in the analyses. Major depressive disorder (depression), bipolar disorder, adjustment disorder and dysthymia were the four subtypes of mood disorder identified in the sample, and all eligible patients were categorized accordingly.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 340 patients were included in this study. Slightly less than half (42.4%) the study population were aged 18\u201330 years. Further, 58% of the patients were females, 67.6% were married and 58.8% were unemployed. Depression was the most common mood disorder (~73%). Of the patients with bipolar disorder (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 38), more than half were male and aged 18\u201330 years (~58% each); these percentages were higher than that observed in other subtypes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study found that among patients at KFHU, depression is the most common mood disorder and that most patients are females. In contrast, bipolar disorder is more common among males. Further in-depth studies in a larger sample size may provide better patient profiling, which can be used for developing effective screening programs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/sjmms.sjmms_60_18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]],"date-time":"2019-08-28T04:50:44Z","timestamp":1566967844000},"page":"169-174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Sociodemographic Characteristics of Adult Saudi Patients with Mood Disorder Subtypes"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Mahdi Saeed","family":"Abumadini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pra.0000415080.51368.cf","article-title":"Inevitable suicide: A new paradigm in psychiatry","volume":"18","author":"Sadock","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Pract"},{"key":"R4-20250523","first-page":"48","article-title":"Prediction and prevention of suicide in bipolar disorders","volume":"2","author":"Rihmer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"R5-20250523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61611-6","article-title":"Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"382","author":"Whiteford","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R6-20250523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(02)00227-5","article-title":"Clinical and demographic features of mood disorder subtypes","volume":"112","author":"Serretti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"R7-20250523","first-page":"7","article-title":"Epidemiology of bipolar disorders. Current studies","volume":"23","author":"Rouillon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Encephale"},{"key":"R8-20250523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715000446","article-title":"Distinguishing bipolar from unipolar depression: The importance of clinical symptoms and illness features","volume":"45","author":"Leonpacher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"R9-20250523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2012.01009.x","article-title":"Depression in bipolar disorder versus major depressive disorder: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions","volume":"14","author":"Moreno","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"key":"R10-20250523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852916000547","article-title":"Treatment of mixed features in bipolar disorder","volume":"22","author":"Rosenblat","year":"2017","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"},{"key":"R11-20250523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.12.003","article-title":"A community survey of the twelve-month prevalence and correlates of bipolar spectrum disorder in Hong Kong","volume":"117","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"R12-20250523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.03.011","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical characteristics of bipolar I disorder in Butajira, Ethiopia: A community-based study","volume":"87","author":"Negash","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"R13-20250523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.9.1636","article-title":"Relationship of birth cohort and early age at onset of illness in a bipolar disorder case registry","volume":"160","author":"Chengappa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R14-20250523","article-title":"Understanding Depression Across Cultures: A Social Identity Perspective","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"PhD Thesis"},{"key":"R15-20250523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2298","DOI":"10.17795\/ijpbs-2298","article-title":"Demographic and diagnostic features of 3147 inpatients with mood disorders in Iran","volume":"10","author":"Ghanbari Jolfaei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci"},{"key":"R16-20250523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3135","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.23.3135","article-title":"Cost of lost productive work time among US workers with depression","volume":"289","author":"Stewart","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R17-20250523","first-page":"59","article-title":"Prevalence of mood disorders in Iran","volume":"1","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Iran J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R18-20250523","first-page":"171","article-title":"Prevalence of anxiety and mood disorders and demographic characteristics of elementary school students","volume":"25","author":"Bila\u00e7","year":"2014","journal-title":"Turk Psikiyatri Derg"},{"key":"R19-20250523","first-page":"122","article-title":"Conference: 16th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Bipolar-Disorders","author":"Uddin","year":"2014"},{"key":"R20-20250523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7","DOI":"10.4081\/jphia.2010.e7","article-title":"Gender and risk of depression in Saudi Arabia, a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"1","author":"Alibrahim","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Public Health Afr"},{"key":"R21-20250523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8229.97851","article-title":"Depressive disorders in psychiatric outpatient clinic attendees in Eastern Saudi Arabia","volume":"10","author":"Abumadini","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Family Community Med"},{"key":"R22-20250523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.617","article-title":"Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication","volume":"62","author":"Kessler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R24-20250523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-9962.193206","article-title":"Global burden of psychiatric disorders: Has it increased?","volume":"32","author":"Rozatkar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Soc Psychiatry"},{"key":"R25-20250523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2333721415623911","DOI":"10.1177\/2333721415623911","article-title":"Aging in Saudi Arabia","volume":"2","author":"Karlin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gerontol Geriatr Med"},{"key":"R26-20250523","first-page":"393","article-title":"Preface transitional age youth and mental illness \u2013 Influences on young adult outcomes","volume":"11","author":"Martel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Early Interv Psychiatry"},{"key":"R27-20250523","first-page":"13","article-title":"Serious mental illness among young adult women who use drugs in the club scene: Co-occurring biopsychosocial factors","volume":"26","author":"Lawental","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am"},{"key":"R28-20250523","article-title":"Mental and Substance Use Disorders in Canada","author":"Pearson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health at a Glance"},{"key":"R29-20250523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.13101375","article-title":"Sex differences in the pathways to major depression: A study of opposite-sex twin pairs","volume":"171","author":"Kendler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R30-20250523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1590\/S2237-60892013000200002","article-title":"Systematic review of the prevalence of bipolar disorder and bipolar spectrum disorders in population-based studies","volume":"35","author":"Dell\u2019Aglio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Psychiatry Psychother"},{"key":"R31-20250523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(03)00036-4","article-title":"Gender differences in bipolar disorder","volume":"26","author":"Arnold","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"R32-20250523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2017.03.012","article-title":"Adjustment disorder: Prevalence, sociodemographic risk factors, and its subtypes in outpatient psychiatric clinic","volume":"28","author":"Yaseen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatr"},{"key":"R33-20250523","first-page":"82","article-title":"The role of youth mental health services in the treatment of young people with serious mental illness: 2-year outcomes and economic implications","volume":"23","author":"Brimblecombe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Health Med"}],"container-title":["Saudi Journal of Medicine &amp; Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/sjmms.sjmms_60_18","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:05:39Z","timestamp":1787774739000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/sjmms.sjmms_60_18"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/sjmms.sjmms_60_18","relation":{},"ISSN":["1658-631X","2321-4856"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1658-631X","type":"print"},{"value":"2321-4856","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-04-27","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-06-12","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}