{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:33:54Z","timestamp":1787762034717,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Studies from Saudi Arabia regarding the use of photorefractive keratectomies (PRK) and the optimum optical zones in the treatment of adults with mixed astigmatism are lacking.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To determine the outcome of PRK treatment in adult patients with mixed astigmatism and the difference in efficacy between different optical zones sizes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n This retrospective study included consecutive patients with mixed astigmatism who underwent PRK at an ophthalmology clinic in Dammam, Saudi Arabia, between January 2016 and December 2019. Examination of patients included uncorrected distal visual acuity and corrected distal visual acuity. All surgeries were conducted by a single surgeon using the standard PRK technique with different optical zones: \u22646.5 mm and >6.5 mm (i.e., 7 mm and 7.5 mm). Patients were followed up monthly for 3 months.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n This study included a total of 65 eyes of 36 consecutive patients who underwent the PRK procedure during the study period. In the Snellen chart assessment, there was a steady increase in the number of patients whose postoperative uncorrected visual acuity was within 1 line of the preoperative corrected visual acuity. In terms of the efficacy of different optical zones, the difference between both groups (i.e., the 6.5 mm and >6.5 mm groups) in each of the three follow-ups was statistically insignificant (first follow-up,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.59; second follow-up,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.39; third follow-up,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.28).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n This study demonstrates that the optical zone ranging from 6.5 mm to 7.5 mm yields comparable results.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/sjmms.sjmms_724_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T17:03:53Z","timestamp":1760461433000},"page":"295-298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Visual Outcomes in Patients with Mixed Astigmatism after Photorefractive Keratectomies with Different Ablation Zones: A Single-center Study from Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mohammed A. M.","family":"AlRubaish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000796","article-title":"Global vision impairment and blindness due to uncorrected refractive error, 1990-2010","volume":"93","author":"Naidoo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R2-20251015","first-page":"1","article-title":"LASIK for myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism","author":"de la Cruz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Albert and Jakobiec\u2019s Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R3-20251015","article-title":"Astigmatism","author":"Gurnani","year":"2024","journal-title":"StatPearls"},{"key":"R4-20251015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000242","article-title":"Risk factors for astigmatism in the vision in preschoolers study","volume":"91","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R5-20251015","first-page":"299","article-title":"Excimer laser correction of hyperopia, hyperopic and mixed astigmatism: Past, present, and future","volume":"51","author":"Lukenda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Clin Croat"},{"key":"R6-20251015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.25122\/jml-2021-0028","article-title":"One-year follow-up of patients with hyperopia undergoing photorefractive keratectomy with Allegretto WaveLight Eye Q 400","volume":"15","author":"Shahin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med Life"},{"key":"R7-20251015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S11007","article-title":"Predictability and stability of refraction with increasing optical zone diameter in hyperopic LASIK","volume":"4","author":"El-Helw","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R8-20251015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1097\/j.jcrs.0000000000000476","article-title":"Three-year outcomes of mixed astigmatism correction with single-step transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy with a large ablation zone","volume":"47","author":"Kaluzny","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R9-20251015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(96)80143-X","article-title":"Effect of optic zone size on the outcome of photorefractive keratectomy for myopia","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R10-20251015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1995.01100040054026","article-title":"The effects of ablation diameter on the outcome of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy. A prospective, randomized, double-blind study","volume":"113","author":"O\u2019Brart","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R11-20251015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.06.030","article-title":"Effects of ablation diameter on long-term refractive stability and corneal transparency after photorefractive keratectomy","volume":"113","author":"Rajan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R12-20251015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-020-01537-3","article-title":"Comparison of refractive outcomes after photorefractive keratectomy with different optical zones using Mel 90 excimer laser","volume":"20","author":"Shin","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/sjmms.sjmms_724_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:15:41Z","timestamp":1787760941000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/sjmms.sjmms_724_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/sjmms.sjmms_724_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["1658-631X","2321-4856"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1658-631X","type":"print"},{"value":"2321-4856","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-15","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-16","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}