{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:33:35Z","timestamp":1786649615618,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Positive body image, particularly body appreciation, is essential for mental well-being. The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is a widely used tool, but a standalone psychometric validation for the Saudi population is lacking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To validate the Arabic version of the BAS-2 by examining its reliability, factor structure, and measurement invariance among young adults from Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study employed a cross-sectional survey involving a convenience sample of 900 university students (62% female; mean age: 24.8 years). The dataset was randomly split for exploratory factor analysis (EFA;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 630) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 270). Fit was evaluated using RMSEA, SRMR, CFI, and TLI. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach\u2019s alpha and McDonald\u2019s omega. Measurement invariance was assessed with multi-group CFA using R software (lavaan package, Version 4.4.1).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data suitability was supported (KMO = 0.95; Bartlett\u2019s test\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Parallel analysis indicated an optimal unidimensional structure, explaining 71% of the variance, with all item loadings exceeding 0.68. CFA confirmed adequate fit (CFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.93, SRMR = 0.03, GFI = 0.90, and AGFI = 0.83), though RMSEA (0.12; 90% CI: 0.10\u20130.14) was beyond the threshold of 0.01. All items loaded strongly onto a single factor (loadings \u22650.678). Internal consistency was excellent (\u03b1 = 0.96, \u03c9 = 0.96). Full metric and scalar invariance were supported across sex and age groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Arabic version of BAS-2 is both reliable and valid for Saudi young adults, supporting its use in research and interventions to promote body appreciation amid cultural and obesity-related challenges.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/sjmms.sjmms_894_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:00:29Z","timestamp":1777366829000},"page":"134-142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Measuring Body Appreciation among Saudi Young Adults: Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) Arabic Version"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mohsen M.","family":"Al Emad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, College of Education, University of Ha\u2019il, Ha\u2019il, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malkah M.","family":"Al-Mutawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, College of Education, University of Ha\u2019il, Ha\u2019il, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kateb A.","family":"Alshammari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, College of Education, University of Ha\u2019il, Ha\u2019il, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hasan A.","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, College of Education, University of Ha\u2019il, Ha\u2019il, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"R3-20260429","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2022.07.003","article-title":"Body appreciation and its psychological correlates: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Linardon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"key":"R4-20260429","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2014.09.006","article-title":"The body appreciation scale-2: Item refinement and psychometric evaluation","volume":"12","author":"Tylka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"key":"R6-20260429","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0229268","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229268","article-title":"Associations between body dissatisfaction and self-reported anxiety and depression in otherwise healthy men: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Barnes","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R7-20260429","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2023.101657","article-title":"Negative body image mental health literacy in women: Exploring aesthetic and functional concerns and the role of self-objectification","volume":"48","author":"Hewitt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"key":"R8-20260429","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.08.016","article-title":"Body image and depressive symptoms in Danish adolescents: A cross-sectional national study","volume":"365","author":"Thorup","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"R9-20260429","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2015.04.001","article-title":"What is and what is not positive body image? 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