{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:46:34Z","timestamp":1787071594003,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PURPOSE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study evaluates the clinical characteristics, microbiological profile, and management strategies of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n                      keratitis in patients referred to Farabi Eye Hospital, a tertiary care center.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This retrospective study on culture-proven\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n                      keratitis (2014\u20132024) included biomicroscopic examinations, visual acuity assessments, and culture-based diagnoses. It analyzed risk factors, clinical features, and antibiograms, with treatments consisting of fortified antibiotics and surgical interventions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 38 patients were included in the study, with 16 requiring inpatient management and 22 managed as outpatients. The mean duration from symptom onset to presentation was 28.62 (median = 4.0) days, and the mean infiltration size was 2.7 \u00b1 1.0 mm. Contact lens (CL) use was the most common risk factor, identified in eight patients (21.1%). There were no significant differences in age, infiltration size, presenting visual acuity (logMAR), or admission duration between CL users and nonusers (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05). The mean visual acuity was 1.56 logMAR at presentation and showed a slight, nonsignificant improvement to 1.49 logMAR at discharge (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.3). Surgical intervention was required in eight patients (50% of admitted cases), with penetrating keratoplasty performed in five patients (31.3%). Three cases developed endophthalmitis. All isolates (100%) were susceptible to amikacin, while 91.7% were susceptible to imipenem.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n                      keratitis, though rare, can lead to vision-threatening complications with a prolonged course. Recognizing risk factors like CL use and ocular trauma is crucial, and while amikacin is the primary treatment, alternatives like imipenem may be effective in certain cases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/sjopt.sjopt_157_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T06:00:07Z","timestamp":1764568807000},"page":"183-188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nocardia keratitis: Microbiological characteristics, antibiotic sensitivity, and clinical profile in a tertiary care setting"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Aminizade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghazal","family":"Ghochani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kosar","family":"Esmaili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amirhossein","family":"Hashemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amirhossein","family":"Valizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 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