{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:22:31Z","timestamp":1787764951623,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"\n PURPOSE:<\/jats:title>\n Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a clinical progressive neuropathy which can lead to irreversible blindness if left untreated. A low level of serum Vitamin D3 is a major risk factor for glaucoma, and hence, represents a second target for glaucoma therapy following intraocular pressure (IOP). However, there is still controversy about whether there is a direct correlation between Vitamin D3 deficiency and the risk of increased IOP. This study aims to investigate the correlation between low serum levels of 1,24-dihydroxycholecalciferol and the development of open-angle glaucoma.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n The study included a total of forty-one patients with POAG. Patients were classified into whether they have chronic illnesses such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Matching control subjects of 20 healthy controls were also included in the study. Anthropometric measures and venous blood samples were taken from all participants for serum analysis of various biochemical markers including serum 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D) levels.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n \n Overall, serum Vitamin D3 levels were 15% significantly lower in the patient\u2019s cohort with open-angle glaucoma as compared to the healthy participants (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05). Among those, 63% of type 2 diabetic participants had significantly low levels of Vitamin D3 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01). There was also a significant 70% reduction in serum Vitamin D3 levels among the hypertensive participants, (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n We concluded that lower serum 1,25(OH) 2D levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of open-angle glaucoma in patients with chronic illnesses.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/sjopt.sjopt_169_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,10]],"date-time":"2023-12-10T23:15:57Z","timestamp":1702250157000},"page":"247-249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Correlation of serum 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol with the incidence of primary open-angle glaucoma: A cross-sectional study on patients with chronic illnesses"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Ibrahim A.","family":"Abass","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed T.","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athmar D.","family":"Badi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bassim I.","family":"Mohammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Furkaan M.","family":"Hamied","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayder A.","family":"Al-Aubaidy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240830","first-page":"l","article-title":"Glaucoma in rural China (the rural epidemiology for glaucoma in China (REG-China)): A national cross-sectional study","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R2-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2490","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14122490","article-title":"Dietary nitrate intake is associated with decreased incidence of open-angle glaucoma: The Rotterdam 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Autoimmun"},{"key":"R12-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ftac014","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftac014","article-title":"Vitamin D-induced LL-37 modulates innate immune responses of human primary macrophages during DENV-2 infection","volume":"80","author":"Castillo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathog Dis"},{"key":"R13-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-017-0086-4","article-title":"Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis: A comprehensive review","volume":"7","author":"Sintzel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol Ther"},{"key":"R14-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8090341","article-title":"Vitamin D attenuates oxidative damage and inflammation in retinal pigment epithelial cells","volume":"8","author":"Tohari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antioxidants 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