{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:33:37Z","timestamp":1787762017402,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708646400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PURPOSE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary orbital and ocular adnexal lymphoma (POAL) is very rare. Yet, limited data are available based on the pattern of POAL in Saudi Arabia. The study aimed to evaluate their pathological features in a cohort of patients at two tertiary hospitals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All cases diagnosed with POAL in two tertiary hospitals between June 2003 and March 2023 were included. Histopathological and immunohistochemical slides were reviewed. Clinical data were collected. Additional immunohistochemistry stains were performed in selected cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were nine cases of POAL. Patients\u2019 ages ranged between 30 and 64 years (median years and mean 50.1 years), with 4 (44%) males and 5 (56%) females. The clinical manifestations included protrusion of the eye, palpable mass, conjunctival swelling, pain, foreign-body sensation, and visual disturbances. Pathological evaluation revealed 4 low-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas, 2 diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs), 1 T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma\/leukemia, 1 B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma\/leukemia, and G1 follicular lymphoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MALT lymphomas represented the most common lymphoma type, followed by DLBCL, which is similar to studies reported worldwide. Other studies are required to highlight more about the pattern of these diseases in the kingdom.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/sjopt.sjopt_251_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T06:00:59Z","timestamp":1713420059000},"page":"229-234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Histopathological features of nine cases of primary orbital and ocular adnexal lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Jaudah","family":"Al-Maghrabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saad","family":"Waheeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.2991\/jegh.k.200720.001","article-title":"Adult orbital lesions in Saudi Arabia:A multi-centered demographic study with clinicopathological correlation","volume":"10","author":"Alsalamah","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"key":"R2-20251014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjopt.2013.07.003","article-title":"Ocular adnexal lymphoproliferative disorders in an ophthalmic referral center in Saudi Arabia","volume":"27","author":"Alkatan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Saudi J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R3-20251014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S331252","article-title":"Lacrimal gland lesions biopsied in a tertiary eye center in Saudi Arabia:A clinical, radiological, surgical, and histological review","volume":"16","author":"Alturkistany","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R4-20251014","first-page":"377","article-title":"Ocular malignant tumors. Review of the tumor registry at a tertiary eye hospital in central Saudi Arabia","volume":"35","author":"Khandekar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"R5-20251014","first-page":"945752","article-title":"Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the lacrimal gland:Sustained remission after eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"2011","author":"Hasosah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Case Rep Gastrointest Med"},{"key":"R6-20251014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjopt.2011.09.004","article-title":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the orbit:A tertiary eye care center experience in Saudi Arabia","volume":"26","author":"Alkatan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Saudi J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R7-20251014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-9233.57710","article-title":"Primary orbital mantle cell lymphoma","volume":"14","author":"Chaudhry","year":"2007","journal-title":"Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R8-20251014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.4103\/jcor.jcor_93_18","article-title":"Sporadic form of isolated orbital Burkitt lymphoma presenting with fulminant proptosis and dystopia","volume":"8","author":"Al-Mohaimeed","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Ophthalmol Res"},{"key":"R9-20251014","first-page":"764","article-title":"An usual presentation of extranodal natural killer (NK) T-Cell Lymphoma","volume":"7","author":"Al Omani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Case Rep"},{"key":"R10-20251014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-9233.57691","article-title":"Non-hodgkin's lymphoma of the conjunctiva","volume":"14","author":"Al-Towerki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R11-20251014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-018-1630-2","article-title":"Orbital T-cell lymphoma in youngest recorded patient \u2013Early diagnosis, management, and successful outcome:A case report and review of the literature","volume":"12","author":"Alkatan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"R12-20251014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269889702000455","article-title":"Beyond species:Il'ya Ivanov and his experiments on cross-breeding humans and anthropoid apes","volume":"15","author":"Rossiianov","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sci Context"},{"key":"R13-20251014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.17116\/patol20198103159","article-title":"Revised WHO classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, 2017 (4th ed):Lymphoid tumors","volume":"81","author":"Polyatskin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arkh Patol"},{"key":"R14-20251014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(02)01285-X","article-title":"Orbital lymphoma misdiagnosed as scleritis","volume":"109","author":"Dorey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R15-20251014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4013","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2019-132011","article-title":"Primary ocular lymphoma:A seer database analysis of patterns of involvement and outcomes","volume":"134","author":"Khurana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R16-20251014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/ajco.13221","article-title":"Patterns of care for orbital marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in Korea throughout 2016:Results from a multicenter cross-sectional cohort study (KROG 16-19)","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R17-20251014","first-page":"1301","article-title":"Intraocular lymphoma","volume":"10","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R18-20251014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2013.12.001","article-title":"Primary intraocular lymphoma","volume":"59","author":"Sagoo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R19-20251014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1159\/000499845","article-title":"Understanding and classification of ocular lymphomas","volume":"5","author":"White","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ocul Oncol Pathol"},{"key":"R20-20251014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2021.03.004","article-title":"Primary central nervous system lymphoma \u2013Ocular variant:An interdisciplinary review on management","volume":"66","author":"Raval","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R21-20251014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-01198-y","article-title":"Orbital and ocular adnexal lymphoma:A review of epidemiology and prognostic factors in Taiwan","volume":"35","author":"Hsu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R22-20251014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.84.8.907","article-title":"Histological features of ocular adnexal lymphoma (REAL classification) and their association with patient morbidity and survival","volume":"84","author":"Jenkins","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R23-20251014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-004-0914-3","article-title":"Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type of the orbit and ocular adnexa","volume":"84","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"R24-20251014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3036","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.5223","article-title":"Asurvey across orbital lymphoma in Poland:Multicenter retrospective study of polish lymphoma research group (PLRG)","volume":"12","author":"Kalici\u0144ska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"R25-20251014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.11.002","article-title":"Orbital lymphoma-An international multicenter retrospective study","volume":"199","author":"Olsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R26-20251014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2618","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_367_22","article-title":"Lacrimal sac diffuse large B-cell lymphoma:A case report","volume":"70","author":"Soman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R27-20251014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.090589","article-title":"Primary lymphoma of the lacrimal sac:An EORTC ophthalmic oncology task force study","volume":"90","author":"Sj\u00f6","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R28-20251014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22843","article-title":"Meta-analyses of the association between Chlamydia psittaci and ocular adnexal lymphoma and the response of ocular adnexal lymphoma to antibiotics","volume":"110","author":"Husain","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R29-20251014","first-page":"513","article-title":"Relationship between primary ocular adnexal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and eye infection","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"R30-20251014","first-page":"62","article-title":"Detection of Helicobacter pylori and Chlamydia pneumoniae genes in primary orbital lymphoma","volume":"104","author":"Chan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R31-20251014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2012.183","article-title":"Extranodal and splenic small B-cell lymphoma","volume":"26","author":"Wotherspoon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"R32-20251014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.4644","article-title":"Ocular adnexal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma:A multicenter international study","volume":"133","author":"Munch-Petersen","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R33-20251014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830802656869","article-title":"Malignant lymphoproliferative disorders extending into the orbit from the paranasal sinuses","volume":"28","author":"Peleg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"R34-20251014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P18","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672119837085","article-title":"Primary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the lacrimal drainage system in two pediatric patients","volume":"30","author":"Ucgul","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R35-20251014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-022-02266-1","article-title":"Paediatric orbital lymphoma;a case series and review of the literature","volume":"37","author":"Keren","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"}],"container-title":["Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/sjopt.sjopt_251_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:14:54Z","timestamp":1787760894000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/sjopt.sjopt_251_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/sjopt.sjopt_251_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["1319-4534","2542-6680"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1319-4534","type":"print"},{"value":"2542-6680","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-07","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-02","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}