{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T20:39:22Z","timestamp":1786653562692,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A 17-year-old female patient of Asian origin presented to the Ocular Immunology Unit of Reggio Emilia Hospital in July 2017, complaining of nausea, vomiting, low-grade fever, tinnitus, and headache going on for 3 days, followed by the appearance of blurred vision in the left eye. Three months before (April 2017) she had a history of penetrating keratoplasty in the right eye for a diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis unresponsive to antiamoebic therapy. The clinical examination exhibited a picture of bilateral panuveitis with papillitis and exudative detachment of the retinal neuroepithelium. The diagnostic workup excluded a possible infectious etiology and showed the positivity of the human leukocyte antigen-DR4. Magnetic resonance imaging showed leptomeningeal inflammatory involvement and lumbar puncture revealed lymphocytic pleocytosis. Considering the history of trauma, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease was ruled out and the diagnosis of sympathetic ophthalmia was made. The patient was treated with topical and oral steroids combined with mycophenolate mofetil for long-term control of the disease. The subsequent 18-month follow-up showed an excellent clinical response with a marked improvement in the ocular findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/sjopt.sjopt_268_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T03:00:07Z","timestamp":1709780407000},"page":"95-99","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sympathetic ophthalmia or Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: Don\u2019t judge a book by its cover"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Luca","family":"De Simone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocular Immunology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Ragusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocular Immunology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Bolletta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocular Immunology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Gozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocular Immunology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Gentile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocular Immunology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy"},{"name":"PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Alma University of Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Cimino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocular Immunology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy"},{"name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/1869-5760-3-49","article-title":"Sympathetic ophthalmia:To the twenty-first century and beyond","volume":"3","author":"Chu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect"},{"key":"R2-20250325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(80)35270-6","article-title":"Sixty-five years of sympathetic ophthalmia. A clinicopathologic review of 105 cases (1913\u20131978)","volume":"87","author":"Lubin","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R3-20250325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/ICB.0b013e3181f7f633","article-title":"Sympathetic ophthalmia after penetrating keratoplasty:A case report evaluated by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"6","author":"Magalh\u00e3es","year":"2012","journal-title":"Retin Cases Brief Rep"},{"key":"R4-20250325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.5336\/caserep.2018-59594","article-title":"A rare cause of sympathetic ophthalmia:Combined penetrating keratoplasty and pupilloplasty","volume":"26","author":"Kandemir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Turk Klin J Case Rep"},{"key":"R5-20250325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6702156","article-title":"Sympathetic ophthalmia following severe fungal keratitis","volume":"20","author":"Buller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R6-20250325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0b013e3182128e93","article-title":"A case of sympathetic ophthalmia after a severe acanthamoeba keratitis","volume":"37","author":"Guerriero","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"R7-20250325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.10.047","article-title":"Sympathetic ophthalmia following postoperative bacterial endophthalmitis:A clinicopathologic study","volume":"141","author":"Rathinam","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R8-20250325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3109\/09273949309085026","article-title":"Inflammatory cellular kinetics in sympathetic ophthalmia a study of 29 traumatized (exciting) eyes","volume":"1","author":"Shah","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"R9-20250325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6702342","article-title":"Expression of chemokines and gelatinase B in sympathetic ophthalmia","volume":"21","author":"Abu El Asrar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R10-20250325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000506","article-title":"Sympathetic ophthalmia:Clinicopathologic correlation in a consecutive case series","volume":"35","author":"Aziz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R11-20250325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.03.036","article-title":"Classification criteria for Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease","volume":"228","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R12-20250325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.03.048","article-title":"Classification criteria for sympathetic ophthalmia","volume":"228","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R13-20250325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1997.54","article-title":"Mechanisms of inflammatory response in sympathetic ophthalmia and VKH syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Rao","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R14-20250325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2363_21","article-title":"Sympathetic ophthalmia:A comprehensive update","volume":"70","author":"Parchand","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R15-20250325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-006-9016-7","article-title":"The positive role of lumbar puncture in the diagnosis of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease:Lymphocyte subsets in the aqueous humor and cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"27","author":"Kitaichi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R16-20250325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-008-0939-8","article-title":"Sympathetic ophthalmia","volume":"247","author":"Castiblanco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R17-20250325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2017.1291841","article-title":"Lymphocytic meningitis in patients with sympathetic ophthalmia","volume":"25","author":"Goudot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"}],"container-title":["Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/sjopt.sjopt_268_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:39:16Z","timestamp":1786649956000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/sjopt.sjopt_268_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/sjopt.sjopt_268_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["1319-4534","2542-6680"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1319-4534","type":"print"},{"value":"2542-6680","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-30","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-23","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}