{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:45:21Z","timestamp":1787071521719,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708560000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare, progressive, irreversible vaso-occlusive disease affecting the cerebral vasculature. The progressive occlusion of blood vessels leads to the development of collateral vessels to compensate for the insufficient blood supply. Some growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may cause excessive and aberrant angiogenesis in MMD. We report a case of a 55-year-old male, following up in retina clinics for diabetic retinopathy and macular edema who received anti-VEGF agents then he presented to the emergency room with left-sided face and body weakness, dysphagia, and dysarthria. Based on his clinical presentation and neuroimaging, he was diagnosed with moyamoya progression. We hypothesize that receiving anti-VEGF agents could have contributed to MMD progression in our patient and interfered with the collateral vessel development in a similar manner to their intended use in regressing neovascularization in diabetic retinopathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/sjopt.sjopt_272_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T06:00:13Z","timestamp":1708495213000},"page":"410-412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Acceleration of moyamoya disease after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor intravitreal injections"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Abdulaziz K.","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameeha","family":"Fallatah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nabeel","family":"Refka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malek","family":"Alrobaian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251201","first-page":"e10141","article-title":"Moyamoya disease: A review of current literature","volume":"12","author":"Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R2-20251201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22041696","article-title":"Pathological circulating factors in Moyamoya disease","volume":"22","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R3-20251201","first-page":"547","article-title":"Moyamoya disease: Case report and literature review","volume":"109","author":"Janda","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Osteopath Assoc"},{"key":"R4-20251201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804622","article-title":"Moyamoya disease and Moyamoya syndrome","volume":"360","author":"Scott","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R5-20251201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073810379639","article-title":"Association of rapidly progressive Moyamoya syndrome with bevacizumab treatment for glioblastoma in a child with neurofibromatosis type 1","volume":"26","author":"Ullrich","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"}],"container-title":["Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/sjopt.sjopt_272_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:47:24Z","timestamp":1787068044000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/sjopt.sjopt_272_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/sjopt.sjopt_272_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["1319-4534","2542-6680"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1319-4534","type":"print"},{"value":"2542-6680","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-11-04","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-09","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}