{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T04:07:45Z","timestamp":1792123665110,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Immunotherapy has renovated the field of oncology. Usually, cancer is treated by surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Immunotherapy is a promising treatment that harnesses the patient\u2019s own immune system to target cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have proven to be a promising treatment avenue for managing cancer; however, their use had been associated with a unique spectrum of adverse side effects called immune-related adverse events (irAEs). As ICIs become increasingly relevant in cancer management, it is crucial to address these irAEs affecting various systems in the body, including the skin, liver, gastrointestinal tract, endocrine system, and the eye. Ocular toxicity and sight-threatening events are among the reported irAEs, impacting diverse ocular tissues. The most commonly reported ocular irAEs (OirAEs) are blurred vision, conjunctivitis, ocular surface disease uveitis, scleritis, and retinopathy. Nevertheless, the frequency and severity of these OirAEs can vary, even within the same class of ICIs. Thus, OirAEs can significantly impact the quality of life and patient compliance. Therefore, we aim to comprehensively analyze uncommon and severe ICI-related OirAEs associated with lung cancer by providing a comprehensive and updated review of immune checkpoint monoclonal antibody-related adverse effects in neuro-ophthalmology irAEs. Through a review of the relevant literature, we intend to illustrate the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, contributory factors, diagnosis, and management of ICI-associated ocular side effects. We will also discuss guidelines and best practice strategies for the prevention, monitoring, and management of these OirAEs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/sjopt.sjopt_296_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T13:01:15Z","timestamp":1708693275000},"page":"25-28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Immune checkpoint monoclonal antibody-related adverse effects in neuro-ophthalmology"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"May","family":"Ameri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagham","family":"Al-Zubidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew G.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701951","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.701951","article-title":"Ocular immune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"R2-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.36401\/JIPO-22-14","article-title":"Highlights on ocular toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors at a US tertiary cancer center","volume":"5","author":"Mazharuddin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Immunother Precis Oncol"},{"key":"R3-20240830","first-page":"e40597","article-title":"Ocular toxicity profile of targeted cancer therapy (TCT) at a US tertiary cancer center","volume":"15","author":"Ameri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R4-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00086","article-title":"Anti-PD-1 and Anti-CTLA-4 therapies in cancer:Mechanisms of action, efficacy, and limitations","volume":"8","author":"Seidel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"R5-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2023.2251380","article-title":"Ocular toxicities associated with antibody drug conjugates and immunotherapy in oncology:clinical presentation, pathogenesis, and management strategies","volume":"22","author":"Raheem","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"R6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044904","DOI":"10.3389\/fopht.2022.1044904","article-title":"Neuro-ophthalmic complications of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy:Current status and future directions","volume":"2","author":"Winges","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R7-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-8890-z","article-title":"Severe neurologic complications of immune checkpoint inhibitors:A single-center review","volume":"265","author":"Mancone","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"R8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.2147\/EB.S277760","article-title":"Neuro-ophthalmic complications of immune checkpoint inhibitors:A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eye Brain"},{"key":"R9-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2018-0359","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated neurologic toxicity:Illustrative case and review of the literature","volume":"24","author":"Reynolds","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"R10-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38282","article-title":"Drug-associated polymyalgia rheumatica\/giant cell arteritis occurring in two patients after treatment with ipilimumab, an antagonist of ctla-4","volume":"66","author":"Goldstein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"R11-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-019-0774-y","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitor related myasthenia gravis:Single center experience and systematic review of the literature","volume":"7","author":"Safa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"R14-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-8890-z","article-title":"Severe neurologic complications of immune checkpoint inhibitors:a single-center review","volume":"265","author":"Mancone","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"R16-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.05.003","article-title":"Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Optic Neuritis","volume":"127","author":"Francis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."}],"container-title":["Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/sjopt.sjopt_296_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:21:38Z","timestamp":1787768498000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/sjopt.sjopt_296_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/sjopt.sjopt_296_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["1319-4534","2542-6680"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1319-4534","type":"print"},{"value":"2542-6680","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-11-30","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-04","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}