{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T12:19:32Z","timestamp":1788178772775,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"Abstract:<\/jats:title>\n \n PURPOSE:<\/jats:title>\n This study aims to explore the characteristics and visual outcomes of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in males and to compare them with similarly affected females in Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n The medical records of patients diagnosed with IIH in two university hospitals were reviewed. Clinical features, presence of risk factors, treatment modalities, and visual outcomes were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 57 patients are included in the study (males\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 19 and females\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 38). Systemic hypertension and smoking were found to be significantly associated with IIH in males. Males were less likely to present with headaches and frequently complained of visual disturbances at presentation. Although gender was not shown to be a risk factor for severe visual loss, males had significantly lower retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness at subsequent evaluations (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.009), indicating that they experienced a more significant insult. A significant, strong positive correlation was found between NFL thickness at presentation and lumbar puncture opening pressure (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.629,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) and between NFL thickness and grade of disc edema both at presentation (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.297,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.005) and at the last follow-up visit (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.470,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n The study found that Saudi males with IIH often present at a young age with an increased body mass index, similar to females. Smoking and systemic hypertension were more commonly reported in males. While males reported fewer headaches, they experienced more visual disturbances and had lower RNFL and GCC thickness in their final follow-up, indicating a more aggressive disease course. These findings underscore the importance of a thorough evaluation for male IIH patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/sjopt.sjopt_348_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T11:00:08Z","timestamp":1752231608000},"page":"242-247","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characteristics and visual outcomes of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in males in the Saudi population"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Daniah","family":"Alshowaeir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Neuro-Ophthalmology Unit, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wajda","family":"Alhothali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1097\/JNN.0000000000000233","article-title":"Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri)","volume":"48","author":"Bell","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurosci Nurs"},{"key":"R2-20260831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjopt.2014.09.013","article-title":"Idiopathic intracranial hypertension in the Middle East: A growing concern","volume":"29","author":"Almarzouqi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Saudi J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R3-20260831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1988.00520320065016","article-title":"The incidence of pseudotumor cerebri. 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