{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:19:23Z","timestamp":1792081163281,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PURPOSE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study is to investigate the ocular surface alterations in patients with mild or severe keratoconus (KC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 80 participants were included in the study. The corneal topography was performed on each participant using Pentacam and the grouping was done accordingly. The patients with Kmax \u226552.0 D (severe KC) were considered Group 1 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 28), the patients with Kmax \u226547.2 and &lt;52.0 D (mild KC) were considered Group 2 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 30). Healthy control participants with Kmax &lt;47.2 D were considered Group 3 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 22). Tear breakup time (TBUT), Schirmer-I test, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire, and conjunctival impression cytology (CIC) were evaluated among the groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean values of TBUT and Schirmer-I test were significantly lower (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.012,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.012) and the mean scores of OSDI and CIC were significantly higher (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.006,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) in Group 1 and Group 2 than in Group 3. The mean values of TBUT and Schirmer-I test were lower and the mean scores of OSDI and CIC were higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 but the differences were insignificant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05 for all).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results indicated that the tests associated with dry eye disease are correlated with KC. Tear film alterations and goblet cell loss are higher in severe KC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/sjopt.sjopt_37_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]],"date-time":"2024-05-20T06:29:15Z","timestamp":1716186555000},"page":"117-121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Dry eye disease and ocular surface characteristics in patients with keratoconus"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Enver","family":"Mirza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Refik","family":"Oltulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pembe","family":"Oltulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunsu 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