{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T01:59:25Z","timestamp":1788919165695,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Pediatric retinal vascular diseases are a spectrum with overlapping phenotypes and related genes. Retinal vascular development is biphasic. Vasculogenesis is responsible for the formation of primordial vessels leading to the four major arcades in the posterior retina. Angiogenesis, which is vascular endothelial growth factor dependent, is responsible for the formation of new vessels through budding from existing vessels, forming the peripheral vessels, increasing the capillary density of the central retina, and forming the superficial and deep capillary plexus. This process is controlled by\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">WNT<\/jats:italic>\n                    signaling, which is important for cell proliferation, division, and migration. Disorders of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">WNT<\/jats:italic>\n                    signaling, such as familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR), have overlapping clinical findings. Conversely, pathogenic variants in some of the FEVR-related genes are reported in conditions such as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), persistent fetal vasculature, and Coats disease. The various overlapping features and underlying genetic basis in the pathogenesis of pediatric retinal vascular developmental diseases suggest that genetic variants may provide a framework or a background for these conditions, upon which further insults can affect the development at any phase (such as prematurity and oxygenation in ROP), influencing and determining the final phenotype.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/sjopt.sjopt_63_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T14:02:08Z","timestamp":1704981728000},"page":"269-275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Pediatric retinal vascular disorders: From translational sciences to clinical practice"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Puja","family":"Maitra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vitreoretina Services, Aravind Eye Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2015.155","article-title":"Novel mutations in PAX6, OTX2 and NDP in anophthalmia, microphthalmia and coloboma","volume":"24","author":"Deml","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"R3-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002757","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002757","article-title":"Aregulatory loop involving PAX6, MITF, and WNT signaling controls retinal pigment epithelium development","volume":"8","author":"Bharti","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"R4-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2625","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.2414","article-title":"Regulation of WNT signaling by VSX2 during optic vesicle patterning in human induced pluripotent stem cells","volume":"34","author":"Capowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"R5-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.11797","article-title":"Wnt signaling pathway:A comprehensive review","volume":"46","author":"Hayat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Biol Int"},{"key":"R6-20240830","first-page":"176","article-title":"Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy:Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management","volume":"7","author":"Tauqeer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)"},{"key":"R7-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.322","article-title":"Clinical presentation and genetic correlation of patients with mutations affecting the FZD4 gene","volume":"127","author":"Drenser","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.02.018","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity:Two distinct mechanisms that underlie zone 1 and zone 2 disease","volume":"142","author":"Flynn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R9-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-017-0471-6","article-title":"Wnt\/beta-catenin pathway:Modulating anticancer immune response","volume":"10","author":"Pai","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"R10-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2015.06.004","article-title":"Mechanisms of vessel pruning and regression","volume":"34","author":"Korn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"R11-20240830","first-page":"1217","article-title":"Vascularization of the human fetal retina:Roles of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis","volume":"41","author":"Hughes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R12-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2014.70","article-title":"Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy and related retinopathies","volume":"29","author":"Gilmour","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R13-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1997.0365","article-title":"Development of the human retinal vasculature:Cellular relations and VEGF expression","volume":"65","author":"Provis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"R14-20240830","first-page":"1201","article-title":"The effect of oxygen on vasoformative cell division. 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