{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:21:32Z","timestamp":1787772092757,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract:<\/jats:title>\n \n PURPOSE:<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the clinical profile of amblyopia among patients referred to a tertiary care facility in Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n All patients between 1 and 14 years presenting to the amblyopia clinic from 2016 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Amblyopia was defined as visual acuity <0.2 LogMAR (20\/30) in the worse eye or two-line difference between the two eyes. We classified patients into strabismic, refractive, mixed strabismic, and refractive and deprivation amblyopia. We subclassified our cohort according to age (< and \u22655 years).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n \n Three hundred and eighty-three patients (199 male 54%) were seen in our clinic. Seventeen patients were excluded because they did not meet our inclusion criteria. The mean age at presentation was 5.05 \u00b1 2.49 years. Strabismic amblyopia was found in 180 (49%), refractive in 101 (27.6%), mixed in 69 (19%), and deprivation in 16 (4.2%). Anisometropia in 85.25% and isometropia in 14.75%. Hyperopic astigmatism was the most common refractive error in 246 (67.2%). Esotropia was the most common deviation (90%). Strabismic amblyopia was significantly higher in the <5 years group (62.4% vs. 36.7%). While refractive amblyopia was significantly higher in \u22655 years group (38.8% vs. 15.7%) (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n Strabismic amblyopia was the most commonly diagnosed in our cohort, especially among patients <5 years of age. Refractive amblyopia was more common in older patients and may be under-detected due to the lack of proper vision screening. The implementation of proper vision screening should help in early detection and successful treatment at an early age.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/sjopt.sjopt_87_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T11:00:27Z","timestamp":1711710027000},"page":"78-82","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical profile of amblyopia in a tertiary care facility without proper vision screening in Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Shatha","family":"Alfreihi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, King Abdullah Specialized Children\u2019s Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rana","family":"Alsoby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, King Abdullah Specialized Children\u2019s Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Latifah Abu","family":"Haimed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Asiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, King Abdullah Specialized Children\u2019s Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed A.","family":"Meeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, King Abdullah Specialized Children\u2019s Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-9233.148355","article-title":"Prevalence of amblyopia in primary school children in Qassim province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","volume":"22","author":"Aldebasi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R2-20240830","first-page":"20","article-title":"Ocular disorders Among school boys in a high altitude area of Saudi Arabia","volume":"8","author":"Abolfotouh","year":"1994","journal-title":"Saudi J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R3-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.1992.3","article-title":"Prevalence of ocular disorders among schoolboys in five villages in Al-Baha region","volume":"12","author":"Al Faran","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"key":"R4-20240830","first-page":"181","article-title":"Prevalence of eye problems and visual defects in school children of Abha","volume":"4","author":"Kahn","year":"1989","journal-title":"Saudi Bull Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R5-20240830","first-page":"445","article-title":"Vision screening of preschool children in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","volume":"23","author":"Bardisi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"R6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2013.06.013","article-title":"Results of a community vision-screening program using the Spot photoscreener","volume":"17","author":"Ransbarger","year":"2013","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"R7-20240830","first-page":"28","article-title":"Section on Opthamology, American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Practice and Ambulatory Medicine, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, et al. 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